什么是定语？ 　　

　　

　　 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。.主要有形容词，此外，名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或与形容词等价的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。中文常用 　　

　　

　　'……的' 说。 　　

　　

　　一个漂亮的女孩 　　

　　

　　嘈杂的音乐 　　

　　

　　什么是定语从句？ 　　

　　

　　一、定义:在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子称为定语从句。 　　

　　

　　我喜欢关于童话故事的书。 　　

　　

　　请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。 　　

　　

　　二、先行词:定语从句在句子中用作定语，修饰名词或代词。这个名词或代词称为先行词，定语从句位于先行词之后。 　　

　　

　　三、关系词:用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 　　

　　

　　词分为关系代词(that，which，who，who，who)和关系副词(when，where，why)。 　　

　　

　　关系词往往有三个作用：1。连接功能。连接主句和从句。 　　

　　

　　2.参考函数。状语先行词 　　

　　

　　3.在一个子句中充当某个成分。 　　

　　

　　这是他们愚弄敌人的地方。 　　

　　

　　昨天我收到一封来自澳大利亚的信。 　　

　　

　　1. 先通过翻译确定是定语从句 　　

　　

　　2. 找先行词，看先行词是人是物 　　

　　

　　3. 看从句缺什么成分 　　

　　

　　练习 　　

　　

　　1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. 　　

　　

　　A. which B. where C. what D. in which 　　

　　

　　2. Mr. Smith is the man ____ teaches us English. 　　

　　

　　A who B whom C what D which 　　

　　

　　3. We all like people ______ are kind and patient. 　　

　　

　　A that B whom C what D which 　　

　　

　　4.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. 　　

　　

　　A. where B. which C. what D. when 　　

　　

　　5. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. 　　

　　

　　A. where B. that C. which D. there 　　

　　

　　6. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 　　

　　

　　7. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn't be found. 　　

　　

　　A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 　　

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8. I hate the people _______ don't help others when they are in trouble.

　　

　　A. who 　　　 B. which 　　 　C. they　　　 D. where

　　

9. The foreigner ________ visited our school is from Canada.

　　

　　A. which 　　 　B. when 　　 　C. who 　　　 D. whom

　　

10. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.

　　

A. whom B. who C. when D. because

　　

11. Don't talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.

　　

A. which B. what C. as D. those

　　

　　

答案：1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.B

　　

　　

5、whose

　　

whose既可用于指人，也可用于指物，同时还可以指动物，它在定语从句中用作定语，修饰其后的名词。

　　

The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。

　　

The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。

　　

　　

对于考查关系代词whose的考题，掌握以下一点非常有用：

　　

1. 它在定语从句中通常是用作定语，所以其后通常应有被修饰的名词。

　　

例 It was an English novel whose name I have forgotten.

　　

那是一本英语小说，书名我忘了。

　　

　　

练习

　　

1. Mother gave me a book ______ cover is red.

　　

A which B that C whose D what

　　

2. I know someone else________ father works here.

　　

A who B whom C whose D that

　　

3. This is the girl ______ pronunciation is the best in our class.

　　

A who B whom C whose D that

　　

　　

答案：1.C 2.C 3.C

　　

　　

练习

　　

Ⅰ. 用that, who, which或whom填空

　　

1. Alice likes singers _________ write their own music.

　　

2. Generally, old people like music _______ is quiet and gentle.

　　

3. The girl _______________ you met just now in the street is my friend.

　　

4. This is the school in _______ I studied two years ago.

　　

5. The man with _______ my father is talking over there is our head teacher.

　　

　　

答案：1.who/that 2.which/that 3.who/whom/that 4.which 5.whom

　　

　　

II. 根据句意, 用正确的关系代词填空。

　　

1. He is the man __________ is ready to help others.

　　

2. The girl ________________ I spoke to just now is my friend.

　　

3. The dress ___________ you bought in the city mall is made of silk.

　　

4. Bill likes music ___________ he can sing along with.

　　

5. This is the village __________ I used to live in.

　　

6. Women always like buying many things _____________ they don't need at all.

　　

7. I'm studying a subject ___________ I am very interested in.

　　

8. The girl with ________ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin.

　　

　　

答案：1.who/that 2.who/whom/that 3.that /which 4.that/ which 5.that/ which 6.that/ which 7.that /which 8. whom

　　

　　

注意

　　

一、介词后面只能用which或whom, 不能用that或who。

　　

There are lots of things (that) I need to prepare before the trip.

　　

Do you know the girl who / that is singing in the classroom?

　　

This is the biggest fish (that) I have ever seen.

　　

　　

二、关系词只能用that的情况:

　　

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时, 只能用that,而不用which。例如:

　　

He was the first person that passed the exam.

　　

b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时, 只能用that, 而不用which。例如:

　　

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

　　

c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

　　

This is the same bike that I lost.

　　

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用that, 而不用which。例如:

　　

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

　　

e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句, 为避免重复, 只能用that。例如:

　　

Who is the girl that is crying?

　　

f. 主句是there be 结构, 修饰主语的定语从句用that, 而不用which。例如:

　　

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

　　

　　

　　

单项选择

　　

1. I like music _______ great lyrics.

　　

A. that have B. that has

　　

C. who have D. who has

　　

2. They are talking about things and persons _______ they saw there a few days ago.

　　

A. who B. which C. that D. what

　　

3. This is the highest building _______ I've ever seen.

　　

A. which B. that C. what D. where

　　

4. I really didn't know anything _______ happened to Jim yesterday.

　　

A. which B. whose C. when D. that

　　

5. --- Who is the man _______ is standing over there?

　　

--- Oh, he is my math teacher.

　　

A. who B. whom C. that D. which

　　

　　

答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C

　　

　　

6、 关系副词的用法

　　

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

　　

　This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

　　

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

　　

　This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

　　

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

　　

　　

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

　　

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

　　

　　

练习

　　

　　

(1) Shanghai is the city ________ I was born.

　　

A which B that C what D where

　　

(2) The house_________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

　　

A why B that C what D where

　　

(3) I still remember the day__________I first came to the school.

　　

A why B when C what D where

　　

(4)The reason _________ he refused the invitation is not clear.

　　

A why B that C what D where

　　

　　

答案：1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A

　　

　　

1.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice.

　　

A.which were

　　

B.that is

　　

C.that were

　　

D.which was

　　

参考答案：D

　　

2.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother.

　　

A.which

　　

B.who

　　

C.whom

　　

D.what

　　

参考答案：B

　　

3.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.

　　

A.that

　　

B.those

　　

C.who

　　

D.what

　　

参考答案：A

　　

　　

4.―Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.―Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.

　　

A.that

　　

B.which

　　

C.who

　　

参考答案：A

　　

5.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.

　　

A.why

　　

B.whose

　　

C.who

　　

D.which

　　

参考答案：C

　　

6.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy.

　　

A.that

　　

B.where

　　

C.who

　　

D.when

　　

参考答案：A

　　

7.－Why are you so worried?－I've lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.

　　

A.whom

　　

B.who

　　

C.whose

　　

D.which

　　

参考答案：D

　　

8.We don't like people _____ talk too much but never do anything.

　　

A. whose

　　

B. who

　　

C. when

　　

D. which

　　

参考答案：B

　　

9.A friend is someone _____ says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!"

　　

A.who

　　

B.which

　　

C.what

　　

D.whose

　　

参考答案：A

　　

10.This is the book _____ tells many English stories.

　　

A.what

　　

B.which

　　

C.who

　　

参考答案：B