话题语言应用 ― 学校概况和课堂感受
语言积累交际用语
下面的对话反映了一些中国人的说话特点。你有吗？
A:你去银行取钱了吗？你去银行取钱了吗？
今天太热了，我有很多家务要做。我的朋友骑骆驼去参观，呆了两个小时。我没有得到，但我根本没有时间。今天很热，我有很多家务要做。朋友来玩，呆了两个小时。我没有忘记，但是我根本没有时间。
A:所以你没有。是这样吗？所以你没去。不是吗？
B:是的。对不起是的。真的很抱歉。
A:你为什么不直接回答我的问题？为什么中国人会这样回答问题？我只是问你做没做。这是个很简单的问题。中国人通常会在得到直接回答之前给出原因。你为什么不直接回答我的问题？为什么中国人会这样回答？我只是问你是否走了。这个问题很简单。中国人在给出答案之前，往往会先说明自己的理由。
B:是的，对不起。我知道你们俩都很好。但是我不知道为什么中国人有时会这样做。是的，我很抱歉。我知道你已经厌倦了。但是我不知道为什么中国人有时候会这样。
你知道吗，今天我问一个学生他有没有带字典。这是我为全班制定的一个规则，每个人都随身携带一本双语词典，因为有时他们听不懂我的话。有趣的是，这个学生给了我很多理由，却没有直接的回答。你知道吗，今天我问一个学生他有没有带字典。有时候班里的人听不懂我的话，我就和他们定了一个规矩，每个人都要带一本英汉词典。最可笑的是，这个学生给了我很多理由，却没有一个直接的回答。
B:但是你知道他有没有带，对吧？但你知道他有没有，不是吗？
A:是的，在所有的解释之后，像，它太重了，我是在一个对不起…无论如何。是的，在所有的解释之后，比如太重了，出门的时候很匆忙……等等。
话题语句
与学校有关的单词
教育教育文化初等教育初等教育
中等教育中等教育高等教育
学年学期，学期学期
学校教学日学校假期课程
学科学科时间表课程表
课堂，课作业作业练习
听写听写拼写错误拼写错误(短期)课程短期课程
研讨会研讨会游戏时间，课间休息，课间休息。
学生(统称)同学，同学的小学生。
学生大学生男生女生女生
审计员的助学金、奖学金、伙伴奖学金
助学金、奖学金、奖学金学生校服的持有人
教师教育工作者
(总称) teachers 教师(总称)teacher lecturer 大学老师 professor 教授 schooling 教授,授课
assistant 助教 headmaster 校长 (女性为:headmistress)
deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长 dean 教务长
laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员 private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师
games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师
matriculation 注册 to enroll 予以注册
to take lessons (学生)上课 to teach (老师)上课 to study 学习
to learn by heart 记住,掌握 to revise, to go over 复习 to test 考试
to take an examination参加考试 examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试
question paper 试卷 to pass an examination /exam 通过考试
pass, passing grade 升级 to fall an examination 未通过考试
failure 未考好 to repeat a year 留级 degree 学位 graduate 毕业生
to graduate 毕业 project, thesis 毕业论文 doctor 博士
General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书 (美high school diploma)
校园生活相关表达
学习：
put one’s heart into... 专注于 study in groups 小组学习
succeed in doing sth. 成功做…… set/achieve a goal 设立/达到目标
be active in class 课堂上活跃 improve study methods 改进学习方法
be good at/be weak in 擅长/不擅长 have eight classes 上八节课
learn...by heart 熟记、背诵 major in history 主修历史
work out a problem 算出一个问题 work on a math problem 计算一道数学题
成绩
fulfill one’s dream 实现梦想 one of the top students 顶尖学生之一
rank the first 排名第一 have a good command of 熟练掌握
get a bachelor’s degree 取得学士学位 with good grades in 成绩好
生活
keep/observe school rules 遵守校规 break school rules 违反校规
learn to be independent 学会独立 get on well with sb./sth.相处愉快/进展顺利
have exam anxiety 考试焦虑 handle pressure 处理压力
be neatly dressed 穿着整齐 form a good habit of 养成……的习惯
cheat in the exam 考试作弊 get/jump in line 插队
throw rubbish/ spit everywhere 到处扔垃圾
师生关系
respect one’s teachers and parents 尊敬师长 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
know sb. really well 很熟悉某人 be strict with sb. in sth. 在某事上严格要求某人
treat sb. equally 平等对待某人 trust each other彼此信任
devote all one’s time to work 工作兢兢业业 give advice on sth. 就某事提出建议
make one’s lesson lively and interesting 课上得生动有趣
teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人怎样做
相关阅读
High school and middle school in UK
High school：“In Britain, a high school is a school for children aged between eleven and eighteen. In the United States, a high school is a school for children usually aged between fourteen and eighteen.”
Middle school：“In Britain, a middle school is a state school that children go to between the ages of 8 or 9 and 12 or 13. In the United States, a middle school is a school for children in the fifth to eighth grades, between the ages of 10 and 13 or 14.”
In Britain all children have to go to school between the ages of 5 and 16. In the US children must go to school from the age of 6 to the ages between 14 and 16, depending on the state they live in.
Subjects
In England and Wales the subjects taught in schools are laid down by the NATIONAL CURRICULUM, which was introduced in 1988 and sets out in detail the subjects that children should study and the levels of achievement they should reach by the ages of 7, 11, 14 and 16, when they are tested.
The National Curriculum does not apply in Scotland, where each school decides what subjects it will teach.
In the US the subjects taught are decided by national and local governments. Whereas British schools usually have prayers and religious instructions, American schools are not allowed to include prayers or to teach particular religious beliefs.
Examinations
At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE examinations. These examinations are taken by students of all levels of ability in any of a range of subjects, and may involve a final examination, an ASSESSMENT(评估) of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. At 18 some students take A-LEVEL examinations, usually in not more than 3 subjects. It is necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university of POLY-TECHNIC(综合技术).
In Scotland students take the SCE examinations. A year later, they can take examinations called HIGHERS, after which they can either go straight to a university or spend a further year at school and take the Certificate of Sixth Year Studies. In Scotland the university system is different from that in England and Wales. Courses usually last four years rather than three, and students study a large number of subjects as part of their degree.
Middle School Students in America
Secondary education in America, which is known as“high school”in general, is in one period or divided into two periods. The first two or three years are called“junior high school”and the senior classes are called“senior high school”. These two periods are similar to the names used in our country.
American students enjoy free education until they are eighteen years old. This is different from what students do in our country, because, you know, children in China receive free education of nine years, no matter how old they are when they graduate from senior high school. American children have little difficulty in going to senior high school because of the free education system. But things are different if they want to go to special schools or classes which are set up for children showing academic ability.
High school students in America take part in many activities outside the classroom, such as joining a musical group or a sports team. Among those activities, perhaps, the football team is the most important. But just as middle school students do in our country, American students in high schools have to work hard if they want to go on to a university of high reputation after they finish high school because these universities take in senior high school students with high marks.
American high school students do not specialize in any particular direction, and they take classes in all kinds of subjects all through the high school period. Sometimes some of them complain that the progress is too slow and they do not learn much. This is because students of all levels of academic ability study in the same school and in the same class. Those who come out with low marks at the end of a school year to be supposed to repeat a grade are often allowed to go on to the next grade.
Many children who do not want to go to school are sent to high schools in central city areas. So fighting or hurting or other kinds of bad behaviors is often seen in these schools. As a result, children who want to go to universities are often sent to suburban high schools, where most students aim at going to universities and the atmosphere is quite different. Like what happens in China, some children from rich families study in private schools.
Notes :
academic 学术（方面）的 reputation 名声、名气 complain 抱怨
suburban 郊区的 aim at 瞄准、以……为目的 private schools 私立学校
写作运用 写作要求
假如你是王林，进入高中后，开始了紧张的学习和更加丰富的生活，认识了一些新同学和新老师，请你给你初中时的好朋友李华写一封e-mail，介绍一下你目前的学习及生活情况。词数：100～120。
步骤分析
一、审题，做到“四确定”：
1. 体裁格式：书信格式
How to write an email? 电子邮件格式
From: sender’ email address
To: receiver’ email address
Topic: key words of the letter
Body: just as you write a letter
Paragraph patterns:
Thanks for your email… 对对方来信的回应
I’m writing to tell … 谈自己的情况
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 结束语
2．主体时态：一般现在时
3．中心人称：第一人称
4．内容要点：
好久不见，问好；
介绍新学校、新班级、新同学、新老师及课堂情况；
介绍课外活动情况；
询问对方的情况；
盼望回信。
二、选择恰当词语和句型 。
三、连词成句，连句成文。
四、检查是否有拼写错误或语法错误。
写作范文
Dear Li Hua,
How’s it going? It’s three months since I entered my high school. Now, I’d like to give you a description of my new school.
My new school is a well-known school with a long history. There are 50 classes, more than 300 teachers and over 3, 500 students in my school.
At the start of this school year, I was deeply impressed with its high technology. Every classroom is equipped with a computer, through which we can look up the information we need on different websites. At first I didn’t know how to use the computer, and I felt very embarrassed.
But my new classmates were so enthusiastic that they taught me how to use it. My fear of being lonely disappeared quickly.
I’m now in Class Eight, Grade One. All my teachers have good attitudes to their work, especially our English teacher, Miss Li. She uses more interesting methods to teach us English than my previous teachers.
We never feel bored in her class. Miss Li gives us lots of instructions on how to improve our reading comprehension. Her fluency in English amazes me. When we make mistakes, she makes corrections and gives us encouragement. All of us like her.
We usually get up at 6: 30 and our class starts at 8: 00. We often take part in afterschool activities, such as playing football or basketball.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Wang Lin
