海淀区高三第一学期期中练习
2019.11
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5 分，共7.5 分)听下面5段对话，每段对话有一道小题，从每题所给的甲、乙、丙三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你将有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1.两个说话者将一起做什么？
A.注册一个俱乐部。
B.见见老师。
C.有一个学习小组。
2.这个对话可能发生在哪里？
A.在酒店里。
B.在机场。
C.在一家餐馆里。
3.这位女士为什么担心？
A.她坐错车了。
B.她下错站了。
C.她去错了医院。
4.说话者晚餐吃什么？
A.日本食物。
B.墨西哥食物。
C.中餐。
5.这两个说话者之间可能有什么关系？
A.母亲和儿子。
B.夫妻。
C.老师和学生。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)听下面四段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的甲、乙、丙三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至七题。
6.为什么男的不加入女的？
A.他的右臂疼。
B.他想看电视。
C.他膝盖疼。
7.这个女人接下来可能会做什么？
A.打乒乓球。
B.打篮球。
C.呆在家里。
听第七段材料，回答第8至9题。
8.这位女士今天下午会做什么？
A.做她的任务。
B.拜访汤姆。
C.正在开会。
9.两位演讲者什么时候见面？
A.星期二早上。
B.周三早上。
C.周四下午。
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.这个男人会加入哪个俱乐部？
A.14岁以下的人。
b15岁以下的人。
C.16岁以下的人。
11.这个人每周训练多长时间？
A.1.5小时。
B.三个小时。
C. 4.5 hours.
12.What does the man need to do to join the club?
A. Pay for the training.
B. Fill out a form.
C. Take a family photo.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13.Who is receiving the message?
A. David.
B. Jackie.
C. Jimmy.
14.Which is the right way to the party?
15.Why does the man leave this message?
A. To make an invitation.
B. To express his excitement.
C. To explain the way to the party.
第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。
Assignment
Task
Attend a(n) ______ (16) & write about it
Place
Modern Gallery at ______ (17), Fairy Street
Time
Throughout ______ (18)
Artist
Rose ______ (19)
Style
______ (20) Impressionism
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
I was lucky enough to attend the sixth UN Economic and Social Council Youth Forum,我有幸参加了第六届联合国经济及社会理事会青年论坛， (21) ______ was held in New York in January. At the opening ceremony, I was so impressed after meeting more than 500 fellow young people from over 200 countries and regions. 在与来自200多个国家和地区的500多名年轻人见面后，我留下了深刻的印象。I felt things I used to worry about, such as my exams or performance at school, were so small (22) ______ (compare) to the global problems they were trying to solve. (23) ______ young people, we should focus more on major problems, like poverty, environmental problems and healthcare facing all human beings.
B
A BBC film crew was working on the remote Lord Howe Island for a new wildlife documentary called Drowning in Plastic.英国广播公司的一个摄制组正在偏远的豪勋爵岛拍摄一部名为《塑料溺水》的野生动物纪录片。They filmed many birds that (24) ______ (die) for no clear reason. After some research, they found out the truth―(25) ______ caused the death of the birds was that their stomachs were literally too full of plastic. The documentary team also filmed biologists (26) ______ (work) on the island to save the birds. The scientists captured hundreds of chicks and removed plastic from their stomachs to give them a chance of (27) ______ (survive).
C
You never get a second chance to make a first impression, which may sound like an unusual piece of advice, (28) ______ it is true. So how do you make a good first impression? The most important tool is your face. Smiling, being responsive, and looking like you are happy almost always leave a positive impression on people. 那么，如何才能给人留下良好的第一印象呢?最重要的工具是你的脸。微笑、积极回应、看起来很开心，这些都会给人留下积极的印象。Furthermore, being in a positive mood (29) ______ (help) you to get a better understanding of new things. This means that you can possibly be (30) ______ (friendly) to people you do not know and be more creative and able to solve problems more quickly.
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The View from the Slow Lane
慢车道上的景色
As we pulled into the driveway, I noticed that something seemed different about my mom. 当我们把车开到车道上时，我注意到我妈妈似乎有些不同。She was ______ (31) away from me, her shoulders dropped and her hands relaxed. I parked the car and she turned toward me.
“Okay, we’re home,” I said, ______ (32) that now was her time to get out and let me be on my own. She sniffled and brushed her hair behind her ears to reveal her bloodshot eyes and moist cheeks. She had been crying.
“Mom!” I whined (嘀咕着说), surprised by the tears running down her face. “Why are you crying?” I asked, ______ (33) I already knew the answer.
I had just got my ______ (34), which I’d been looking forward to for months. I was free ― able to drive myself where I needed to go. But now that I had it in my pocket, I suddenly felt ______ (35). I had been so quick to grow up, completely ignoring the emotions that my mom must be experiencing with her firstborn ______ (36) adulthood.
“My baby boy is growing up too fast,” she ______ (37) to say between deep breaths.
My heart ached. I hated to see my mom cry, and I hated more that I had been so ignorant toward her ______ (38). I had been counting down the days, ______ (39) waiting to enter the next stage of my life, ______ (40) she counted down with fear and headache. The ______ (41) and freedom I had previously felt were gone, replaced by an odd sense of mourning.
We hugged. Then she looked me in the eye and told me to drive carefully. “Of course I will,” I reassured her. She unbuckled her seatbelt, opened the door, and stepped out. I waved goodbye and pulled out of the driveway.
I had been so ______ (42) to start speeding and skirting around corners that I’d ______ (43) just how beautiful the ride is. Now I cruised (漫游) down the peaceful two -lane road, ______ (44) the sights, sounds, and smells of the nature that surrounds me. At that moment I made a promise to myself, a promise to take things ______ (45) and to never, ever, catch myself speeding again.
Life had passed me by while I lived my days in fast ______ (46), ignorantly wishing for tomorrow and ______ (47) to notice all the beautiful things along the way. Friendships, victories, heartbreaks ― have sped by me because I was too busy looking toward the ______ (48). It seems life also has its own ______ (49), and if you find yourself going too fast, you risk ______ (50) the moments that make it so special.
Moments like this.
31.A. facing B. running
C. escaping D. breaking
32.A. fearing B. implying
C. remembering D. considering
33.A. in case B. now that
C. as though D. even though
34.A. car B. offer
C. license D. scholarship
35.A. guilty B. anxious
C. annoyed D. disappointed
36.A. crossing B. spending
C. nearing D. delaying
37.A. tried B. managed
C. intended D. hesitated
38.A. feelings B. greetings
C. warning D. waiting
39.A. unwillingly B. impatiently
C. nervously D. thankfully
40.A. so B. and
C. for D. while
41.A. luck B. honor
C. delight D. gratitude
42.A. afraid B. confident
C. surprised D. excited
43.A. denied B. realized
C. discovered D. forgotten
44.A. enjoying B. following
C. imagining D. recognizing
45.A. easy B. slow
C. wrong D. personal
46.A. upward B. downward
C. forward D. backward
47.A. trying B. failing
C. refusing D. pretending
48.A. fortune B. scenery
C. past D. future
49.A. speed limit B. fast track
C. comfort zone D. daily routine
50.A. wastingB. losingC. missingD. deleting
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!
这个小盒子可以帮助你在酷暑中放松。
Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated.They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean.You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!
传统的空调已经过时了。它们的安装成本很高，运行成本更高。它们又大又吵，打扫起来很危险。你不能带着它们在房子里走来走去，也不能把它们带到外面去!现在，成千上万的人正在使用一种更便宜的方法来在高温下给自己降温，净化自己的空气。随着全球销量超过100万台，这款设备将成为2019年最成功的设备之一。每个人夏天都想要这个好看的盒子!
What Are We Talking About?
我们在说什么?
Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! lt's a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers.They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use.The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.
来看看全新的AirFreez吧，它是AC的创新替代品，同样可以为你降温!对于那些非常热的白天和晚上来说，这是一个完美的解决方案!AirFreez是由两位瑞士工程师设计的，他们受够了炎热的夏天。他们意识到空调效率极低，而且使用成本很高。工程师们还发现，没有一种传统的交流装置是用来旅行的。
So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It's tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!
所以，他们设计了这个轻便的便携式空气冷却箱。它使用非常少的电力和所有不牺牲任何主要好处的顶级AC模式!它很小，容易使用，可以在几秒钟内冷却你!
What Is So Special About This Little Box?这个小盒子有什么特别之处?
The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.
AirFreez的主要好处是它的便携性和价格。
It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit.它比一个午餐盒还小。此外，它可以由一个口袋太阳能电池板或电池组供电，你可能有世界上最便携的AC机组。
And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.还有一件事。价格真是太惊人了。大多数空调的成本至少在300美元以上，你必须支付安装费用，并支付每月昂贵的电费。
AirFreez costs lens than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. Far a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!AirFreez的价格超过100美元(如果你在这里买超过一个，实际上是53美元)。没有杂乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费。远的冷却单位，这种质量，这一定是最好的单一价格质量的空调单位有!
How Can You Get An AirFreez?你怎么能得到一个AirFreez?
Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one ― order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.现在你知道这个惊人的新发明，这里是如何获得一份订单，从官方网站的最佳价格。
51.Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?
A.Smart but fragile.
B.Costly but multi-functional.
C. Foldable and durable.
D. Handy and energy-saving.
52.What can we learn about AirFreez?
A. lt costs less than $53.
B. It requires no complex installation.
C. It doesn't consume electricity.
D.It is a little larger than a lunch box.
53.What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To advertise Airfreez.
B. To explain the functions of AirFreez.
C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.
D.To compare AirFreez with traditional AC.
B
I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
我大学毕业后不久就结婚了，并在附近的麻省理工学院找到了一份工作来养家。正是在爱德华洛伦茨教授的实验室里，我学会了什么是计算机，以及如何开发软件。
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
一天，我丈夫在报纸上看到一则广告。麻省理工学院仪器实验室(MIT Instrumentation Laboratory)正在找人开发“把人类送上月球”的软件。这个想法和以前从未有人做过的事实深深吸引了我，我成为了第一个加入的程序员，也是实验室雇佣的第一个女人。
At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
一开始，没有人认为软件是如此重要。但后来他们开始意识到他们是多么依赖它。我们的软件必须非常可靠，能够检测到错误并在任务期间随时进行恢复。
My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me―playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God―this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
我的女儿劳伦喜欢和我扮演的宇航员亲密接触。有一天，当我模拟月球任务时，她和我在一起。她开始敲击键盘，突然间，她选择了一个在启动前应该运行的程序。这台电脑的空间非常小，以至于它会抹去带她去月球的导航数据。我想:我的上帝，在真正的任务中，这可能是偶然发生的。我建议更改程序，以防止在飞行中选择发射前的程序。但麻省理工学院和美国宇航局的高层表示，宇航员训练有素，不会犯这样的错误。
On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
在接下来的阿波罗8号任务中，飞船上的一名宇航员一不小心做了和劳伦完全一样的事情。劳伦错误!它造成了破坏，并要求重新安排特派团。在那之后，他们让我把程序改变放进去。正是计划的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。
During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科).It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment.
在阿波罗的早期,软件不像其他工程学科作为严重(学科)。我是在绝望中想到“软件工程”这个词的。然后有一天，在一次会议上，一位最受尊敬的硬件专家向大家解释说，他同意我的观点，即构建软件的过程也应该被视为一门工程学科，就像硬件一样。那是一个值得纪念的时刻。
54.What do we know about the author?
A. She taught Lauren to write software.
B. She got her master's degree from MIT.
C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
D. She created the term “software engineering”.
55.“The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______.
A. a pet to accompany Lauren
B. a mission to land on the moon
C. a mistake causing data loss
D. a software ending prelaunch
56.What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage?
A. The in-time upload of data.
B. The program change.
C. Astronauts' rich experience.
D. Experts' new attitude.
57.What can we learn from Margaret's story?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. A good beginning is half done.
C. Two heads are better than one.
D. Chances favor the prepared mind.
C
From linguists’ point of view, grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether in spoken or written. Different languages have different patterns. Some scholars have tried to identify patterns common to all languages. But apart from some basic features, few of these so-called linguistic universals have been found.
从语言学家的观点来看，语法是一套词汇组合成短语或从句的模式，无论是口语还是书面语。不同的语言有不同的模式。一些学者试图找出所有语言共有的模式。但是除了一些基本的特征外，这些所谓的语言共性很少被发现。
The study of these patterns open up “an ongoing debate” between two positions, known as prescriptivism and descriptivism. Prescriptivism thinks a given language should follow consistent rules, while descriptivism sees variation and adaptation as a natural and necessary part of language. From much of history, the vast majority of language was spoken. But as people became more interconnected, writing gained importance. Written language was standardized to allow broader communication and ensure that people in different parts around could understand each other.
对这些模式的研究开启了两种观点之间的“持续争论”，这两种观点被称为规定主义和描述主义。规定主义认为给定的语言应该遵循一致的规则，而描述主义认为变化和适应是语言的自然和必要的一部分。从很长一段历史来看，绝大多数语言都是说的。但随着人们之间的联系越来越紧密，写作变得越来越重要。书面语言是标准化的，以允许更广泛的交流，并确保周围不同地区的人可以相互理解。
Language purists worked to establish and promote this standard by detailing a set of rules that reflected the established grammar of their times. And rules for written grammar were applied to spoken language as well. Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered signs of low social status. And many people who are grown-ups speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form.
语言纯粹主义者致力于建立和推广这一标准，他们详细制定了一套规则，这些规则反映了他们所处时代的既定语法。书面语法规则也适用于口语。偏离书面规则的语言模式被认为是社会地位低下的标志。许多以这些方式说话的成年人被迫采用标准化的表格。
More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns. Most of us learn to speak at such an early age that we don’t even remember it. We form our spoken skills through unconscious habits, not memorized rules. And because speech also uses mood and intonation for meaning, its structure is often more flexible, adapting to the needs of speakers and listeners. This could mean avoiding complex clauses that are hard to understand in real time, making changes to avoid awkward pronunciation or removing sounds to make speech faster. This linguistic approach that tries to understand and map such differences without dictating correct ones is known as descriptivism. Rather than deciding how language should be used, it describes how people actually use it and tracks the innovation they come up with in the process.
然而，最近语言学家已经认识到，语言是一种独立于文字的现象，它有自己的规律和模式。我们大多数人在很小的时候就学会了说话，以至于我们都不记得了。我们通过无意识的习惯，而不是死记硬背的规则来形成我们的口语技能。由于讲话也使用语气和语调来表达意思，所以它的结构往往更灵活，更能适应说话者和听者的需要。这可能意味着要避免那些难以实时理解的复杂从句，做出一些改变以避免尴尬的发音，或者去掉一些音以加快语速。这种试图理解和描绘这些差异，但又不指出正确差异的语言学方法被称为描述主义。它不是决定语言应该如何使用，而是描述人们实际如何使用它，并跟踪他们在这个过程中提出的创新。
But while the debate between prescriptivism and descriptivism continues, the two are not mutually exclusive. At its best, prescriptivism is useful for informing people about the most common established patterns at a given point in time. Ultimately, grammar is best considered as a set of linguistic habits that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users. Like language itself, it’s a wonderful and complex fabric woven through the contributions of speakers and listeners, writers and readers, prescriptivists and descriptivists from both near and far.
然而，尽管规定主义和描述主义之间的争论仍在继续，但它们并非相互排斥。在最好的情况下，规定主义对于在给定的时间点告知人们最常见的已建立的模式是有用的。最后，语法最好被认为是一组语言习惯，由整个语言使用者群体不断协商和重新发明。就像语言本身一样，它是一种奇妙而复杂的结构，它是由讲话者和听众、作家和读者、规定论者和描述论者(无论远近)的贡献编织而成的。
58.The underlined word “deviated” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. copied
B. updated
C. differed
D. originated
59.According to the passage, precriptivism ______.
A. focuses on established language patterns
B. accepts the differences between languages
C. follows the innovations in language patterns
D. attaches more importance to written language
60.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. A new understanding of language.
B. The beliefs held by prescriptivists.
C. The impact of grammar on language.
D. The ongoing debate between linguists.
61.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The importance of Grammar
B. The History of Grammar
C. Grammar: Rules or Habits
D. Grammar: Writing Rules
D
If you look across the entire lifespan, what you see is an average increase in desirable personality traits（特点）.如果你纵观人的一生，你会发现理想的人格特质平均增加了。Psychologists call this the “maturity principle” and it’s comforting to know that, assuming your personality follows a typical course, then the older you get, the maturer you will become. However, it’s not such good news for young adolescents, because at this point, something known as the “disruption hypothesis” kicks in.心理学家将此称为“成熟原则”，我们很欣慰地知道，假设你的性格遵循一个典型的过程，那么你越老，你就会变得越成熟。然而，这对青少年来说并不是什么好消息，因为在这一点上，一种被称为“颠覆性假说”的理论开始出现了。
Consider a study of Dutch teenagers who completed personality tests each year for six or seven years from 2005. The boys showed a temporary dip in conscientiousness―orderliness and self-discilpline in early adolescence, and the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism―emotional instability. This seems to back up some of the stereotypes we have of messy teen bedrooms and mood swings. 让我们来看看一项对荷兰青少年的研究，他们从2005年开始连续6到7年每年都要完成性格测试。在青春期早期，男孩的自觉性、秩序性和自我分裂性暂时下降，而女孩的神经质、情绪不稳定性暂时增加。这似乎支持了我们对青少年凌乱的卧室和情绪波动的一些刻板印象。Thankfully, this decline in personality is short-lived, with the Dutch data showing that the teenagers’ previous positive traits rebound（反弹）in later adolescence.值得庆幸的是，这种性格的衰退是短暂的，荷兰的数据显示，青少年之前的积极性格特征在青春期后期会有所反弹。
Both parents and their teenage children agree that changes occur, but surprisingly, the perceived change can depend on who is measuring, according to a 2017 study of over 2,700 German teenagers. They rated their own personalities twice, at age 11 and age 14, and their parents also rated their personalities at these times. Some differences emerged: for instance, while the teenagers rated themselves as declining in agreeability, their parents saw this decline as much shaper. Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted（外向的）, but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted. 2017年，一项针对2700多名德国青少年的研究显示，父母和他们十几岁的孩子都认为会发生变化，但令人惊讶的是，这种变化可能取决于谁在衡量。他们在11岁和14岁时对自己的性格进行了两次评估，他们的父母也在这段时间对他们的性格进行了评估。一些差异出现了:例如，当青少年认为自己的可相处性在下降时，他们的父母认为这种下降是有影响的。此外，这些青少年认为自己越来越外向，但他们的父母却认为他们越来越内向。
This mismatch can perhaps be explained by the big changes underway in the parent-child relationship brought on by teenagers’ growing desire for autonomy and privacy. The researchers point out that parents and teens might also be using different reference points―parents are measuring their teenagers’ traits against a typical adult, while the teenagers are comparing their own traits against those displayed by their peers.这种不匹配也许可以解释为青少年对自主和隐私日益增长的渴望所带来的亲子关系的巨大变化。研究人员指出，父母和青少年也可能使用不同的参照点――父母将青少年的特征与典型的成年人进行比较，而青少年则将自己的特征与同龄人的特征进行比较。
This is in line with several further studies, which also reveal a pattern of a temporary reduction in advantageous traits in early adolescence. The general picture of the teenage years as a temporary personality “disruption” therefore seems accurate. In fact, we’re only just beginning to understand the complex mix of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to individual patterns of personality change.这与几项进一步的研究一致，这些研究也揭示了一种模式，即在青春期早期有利的特质会暂时减少。因此，青少年时期人格暂时“分裂”的总体图景似乎是正确的。事实上，我们只是刚刚开始了解遗传和环境因素的复杂组合，这些因素导致了个性变化的个体模式。
Studies also offer some clues for how we might create more nurturing environments for teenagers to aid their personality development. This is an approach worth purshing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life. For instance, one British study of over 4,000 teenagers showed that those who scores lower in conscientiousness were twice as likely to be unemployed later in life, in comparison with those who scored higher.
研究也为我们如何为青少年创造更多的成长环境来帮助他们的个性发展提供了一些线索。鉴于青少年的个性特征预示着他们以后的生活经历，这个方法值得进一步研究。例如，英国一项针对4000多名青少年的研究表明，在责任心方面得分较低的人，日后失业的可能性是得分较高的人的两倍。
People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities.
人们很重视教青少年知识，让他们通过考试，但也许他们至少应该同样重视帮助培养他们的个性。
62.Which of the following can be an example of “disruption hypothesis”?
A. A kindergarten kid cries over a toy.
B. A boy in high school cleans his own room.
C.A teenage girl feels sad for unknown reason.
D.A college graduate feels stressed out by work.
63.According to the study of German teenagers ______.
A. parent give their teens too much automony and privacy
B. teens are more optimistic about their personality changes
C. teens and parents have the same personality rating standard
D. parents and teens can later agree on teens’ personality decline
64.We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______.
A. teens should pay less attention to their scores in exams
B. developing teens’ personality has a long-term effect in their life
C.people’s success in later life depends on teenage personality traits
D. environmental factors outweigh genetic ones for personality change
65.What is the author’s attitude towards present teenager personality education?
A. Dissatisfied. B. Approving.
C. Neutral. D. Cautious.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains!
玩耍有助于开发更大更好的大脑!
Playing is a serious business. Children absorbed in a make-believe world, baby foxes play-fighting or kittens teasing a ball of string aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a carefree way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there’s much more to it.
玩是一件严肃的事情。孩子们沉浸在一个虚幻的世界里，狐狸幼崽在打闹，小猫在戏弄一根线球，这些并不仅仅是乐趣。在成年期的艰苦工作到来之前，玩耍可能看起来是一种无忧无虑的消磨时间的方式，但它的意义远不止这些。
If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed?如果玩耍不仅仅是一种娱乐方式，那么还有什么其他的原因呢? ______ (66) Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. 今年早些时候，加拿大莱思布里奇大学的塞尔吉奥佩利斯报告说，在哺乳动物中，大脑的大小和爱玩性之间有很强的正相关。______ (67) The opposite was also found to be true.相反的结果也被证明是正确的。
According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”―a brief development window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. ______ (68)根据爱达荷大学的约翰拜尔斯的说法，年轻动物玩耍阶段的时间为正在发生的事情提供了重要的线索。如果你孩子的时间致力于戏剧情节每天在其发展的过程中,你会发现一个模式通常与“敏感期”――短暂发展窗口期间大脑实际上可以调整的方式不可能提前或推后。
“People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Mare Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many different parts of the brain.科罗拉多大学的Mare Bekoff说，人们还没有对玩耍激活大脑的数量给予足够的重视。贝科夫研究了正在玩耍的小狼崽，发现它们的行为明显比成年狼更加多变和不可预测。他还认为，这种行为会激活大脑的许多不同部分。
______ (69) “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. ______ (70)“在游戏中有大量的认知参与，”Bekoff说。他指出，游戏通常涉及对玩伴的复杂评估，以及使用专门的信号和规则。他认为，玩耍能使大脑具有更大的行为灵活性，并提高日后学习的潜力。
A.Play just lights everything up.玩耍只会点亮一切。
B.The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention.
玩耍的重要性正引起越来越多的注意。
C.The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains.最新的想法表明，玩耍已经发展到建立大的大脑。
D.A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need.一个流行的解释是，它帮助孩子们发展他们以后需要的技能。
E.Think of the relative ease with which kids―but not babies or adults―absorb language.想想孩子们――而不是婴儿或成人――吸收语言的相对容易程度。
F.Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes.大脑不仅更多地参与玩耍，而且还激活了更高的认知过程。
G.Comparing fifteen orders of mammal, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness.通过比较15种哺乳动物，他的研究小组发现，大脑越大，越爱玩。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节 （15分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim发来邮件，询问你的高考选考情况，请给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．选考科目；2．选考某一科目的原因。
注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：选考科目 elective course
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
第二节 （20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇短文向校刊“英语园地”投稿，记述你班上周组织“国旗在我心中”系列活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
海淀区高三第一学期
期中练习英语参考答案及评分标准
2019.11
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
21. which22. compared
23. As24. had died / died
25. what26. working
27. survival / surviving28. but / yet
29. helps30. more friendly / friendlier
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
31. A32. B33. D34. C35. A
36. C37. B38. A39. B40. D
41. C42. D43. D44. A45. B
46. C47. B48. D49. A50. C
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
51. D52. B53. A54. D55. C
56. B57. D58. C59. A60. A
61. C62. C63. B64. B65. A
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
66. C；67. G；68. E；69. F；70. A；
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）One Possible Version
Dear Jim,
It’s a pleasure to receive your email asking me about my elective courses and I’d love to share them with you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（20分）One Possible Version
Last week, my classmates and I participated in a series of activities with the theme “National Flag in my Heart”.
刘凯老师介绍：
刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为华中师范大学汉语言文学。美国亚利桑那大学访问学者，澳大利亚新兰威尔士大学ESL研修。2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者。
北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。
教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。
北京市科技英语优秀指导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；刘凯老师将扎实的英语基本功和严谨的学术思想作为教学的基础，课堂上善于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰富，使学生在和谐的课堂气氛下欣赏英语、享受英语、掌握英语、运用英语。
曾多次参加高考阅卷工作，参与人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各类高考教学用书的编写工作，有丰富的备考经验，国际核心期刊发表多篇论文。
2009-2012年期间，多次受邀在北京广播电台主持英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程改革节目，学术功底深厚，兼具偶像派与实力派特点，教风亲切洒脱，诙谐幽默，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，善于引导学生学以致用，对高考动向把握极其准确，深受学生和家长欢迎。尤其擅长英语语法和单词记忆法。
海外生活学习十年，社科人文类学科偏爱者；10年雅思教龄，多家知名机构教师培训师；
指导上万考生快速冲刺雅思写作、阅读，平均分数7.5分；独创“段落清空”、极简化“针对检索式”阅读法等众多高效技法；
每年雅思考试均在10次以上；均分8+；真题回忆准确度97%以上；贴近西式思路和语言指导学生写作；善于帮助学生突破学术写作思维瓶颈。
讲授科目有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、阅读和写作；在2014、2015、2016、2017四年考研中，接受其培训的所有考生中有近万名考生取得高分。
资深考研培训讲师；
英语四六级考试天团高级讲师；
雅思阅读、雅思写作培训主讲名师；
六级考试阅卷组成员；
深谙命题规律和解题套路，对英语的学习规律和方法见解独特。
带给学生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是对英语领悟和感知的突破。纯正的英音、独到的见解、睿智的思维和轻松幽默的语言，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。
高考志愿规划师（2019.03）；
家庭教育讲师（2018.09）；
生涯规划师（2019.02）；
国家素质拓展师（2019.01）；
高考政策解读名师（2018.03）
