从小到大，翻译是我们英语考试中经常出现的问题。可能有人觉得这个问题没什么，或者很自信。下面和大家分享一下英文名字的翻译技巧。希望能帮到你。让我们尽情享受吧。 　　

　　

　　在英语中人名的翻译技巧 　　

　　

　　名字翻译的第一个建议是，不要看学生的发音，翻译不熟悉的名字前一定要核实发音。 　　

　　

　　今天的大多数翻译都熟悉英语拼写规则，所以他们大多数都能发出89到10个“标准”英语单词。但是，并不是所有的单词都是“标准”的，尤其是那些直接从其他语言复制过来的单词和那些“模拟”成英语的单词，按照英语的拼写规则是无法直接发音的。拿破仑波拿巴写的“波拿巴”波拿巴，按文森特的发音是读不出波拿巴的；“戴高乐”写的是戴高乐，不能被文森特念成“德盖勒”。有一些名字看起来很熟悉，但只是拼写相同，不同语言的读音不同。比如Louis一般翻译成“路易”，但如果是法语名字，就要翻译成“路易”，因为路易在法语中的发音和英语中的发音是不一样的。 　　

　　

　　姓名翻译的第二个建议是，姓名的翻译必须遵循惯例。 　　

　　

　　如果你仔细观察，你会发现一些公认的名字的中文翻译与英文原文有很大的不同。最典型的就是国名：Deutsch翻译为“德国”，France翻译为“法国”，Europe翻译为“欧罗巴”，American翻译为“美洲”。这些名字虽然是音译的，但当时汉语的发音与今天的普通话不同，而与今天福建广东某地的方言相似(大致如此，没有看到过特别可靠的详细考证)，是很久以前流传下来的，已经成为约定俗成的译名。现在的译者，如果要别出心裁，重译德、法、欧、美等国的名字，即使再“准确”，还是会给读者造成很多困惑。这样做的译者估计不多，只是不注重既定的译名，翻译中“打开新世界”的情况还是时有发生。比如休谟被公认为“休谟”，而有人翻译为“休谟”；边沁是公认的“边沁”，但也有人翻译为“贝瑟姆”；费边是公认的“费边”，但也有人翻译成“费边”；别克一般翻译成“别克”，但也有人翻译成“别克”。所有这些东西常常使读者困惑――什么是“伟大哲学家的理论哼”？"美国人买布衣车是爱国的象征."为什么？ 　　

　　

　　翻译名字的第三个建议是名字不要变。 　　

　　

　　与中国人的名字不同，外国人的名字往往被分成几个部分，并不一定要一起发音。它们通常是分开发音的。比如叶利钦的全名是鲍里斯尼古拉耶维奇叶利钦，马克思的全名是卡尔马克思。按照中国人的习惯，像叶利钦、马克思这样的名字，人们记得更清楚、更容易。然而，在英语中，对同一个人有不同的称呼是可能的。有时叶利钦被称为“鲍里斯”，有时马克思被称为“卡尔”。可能外国读者更容易记住他们的全名，所以他们看到鲍里斯就立刻知道是叶利钦，看到卡尔就知道是马克思，但中国读者通常没有这么快。很多人需要仔细思考甚至翻看前面几段才能知道，有的人根本不知道。所以我的建议是，如果原文中改动过的人名没有特别的含义，保持译文中人名的一致性是一个不错的选择。否则可以照原文改标题，但最好是用音译的方式告知读者，比如“卡尔(这里马克思叫卡尔，意为亲密)”。另外，很多外国名字都有缩写，比如Jeffrey代表Jeff，Catherine代表Cathy。轮换也会导致读者的困惑，建议翻译时遵循上述原则。 　　

　　

　　翻译名字的第四个建议是，代词多的话，尽量具体。 　　

　　

　　英语中有三种第三人称单数代词：he、she、it，发音和拼写都有很大的不同，绝不会混淆。而中文的“他”、“她”、“它”这几个字，不仅形状相似，发音也完全相同。结果，这句“John mighty再也见不到Mary的家人，她也见不到他的父母”，用英语说得极其清楚，翻译成中文就变成了“John可能再也见不到Mary的家人，她也会这样对他的父母”。如果读者能看到这些词，他们也许能仔细分辨意思。如果他们只能从声音来判断，他们几乎肯定会感到困惑。在这种情况下，译者应该果断地将代词具体化，准确地将“他”和“她”还原为所指对象――约翰可能再也见不到玛丽的家人，玛丽可能再也见不到约翰的父母，这样就不存在混淆的可能。 　　

　　

　　2020年翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记 　　

　　

　　过了一会儿，一个仙女打开洞门走了出来，对孙悟空说：“师父说有人来访。是你吗？”行者随仙童入洞，只见一个白发白须的老者坐在高台上，两旁立着几十个徒弟。孙悟空赶紧跪下，连敲脑袋。 　　

　　

　　仙女问：“你是哪里人？”孙悟空道：“我是郭华人。”。“告诉我你的名字。”“我没有爸爸，没有妈妈，没有名字。”“你是从树上下来的吗？”“它从石头里蹦出来的！”仙女笑道：“叫你猴王如何？”猴子高兴地答应了。从此悟空开始苦练长生不老之术。 　　

　　

　　宗主明白他的用意，知道悟空才华横溢。有一天，宗主在众人面前假装生气，在悟空的头上敲了三下，然后背着他走了，关上门。 　　

　　

　　众弟子都以为师父生气了，不敢说话。只有启蒙 　　

空明白：连敲三下是指三更，把门关上暗指叫他从后门进去。于是，当晚他悄悄从半掩的后门进去，跪在祖师床前等他醒来。

　　

A moment later, a boy opened the door, came out and asked: “Master said we have a visitor. Is that you?” Following the boy into the cave, Monkey King saw the master serene, white-haired, white-bearded and seated on a high dais. On his sides were standing tens of disciples. Monkey King hurriedly knelt down and kowtowed　continually.

　　

Master asked: “ Where are you from?” “I come from Hua Guo Shan” answered the monkey. “What is your name?” “I have no parents and no name.” “If you have no parents, were you grown on a tree?” “From a rock!”Master laughed and said : “How about I call you Sun Wukong? ”　Monkey King accepted it with ecstasy. From then on, Sun worked really hard while thinking about　the immortal magic.

　　

Master knew his mind and also his extraordinary intelligence. One day, Master feigned anger and knocked on Sun’s head three times. Then he put his hands behind the back, le山 and closed the door.

　　

While others thought Master was angry Sun knew this was telling him to see Master at three o’clock by going through the back door. So that night he went into Master’s room secretly through the unlocked back door, knelt down at his bed and　waited for him to wake up.

　　

不久，祖师醒来，问道：“你在此作甚?”悟空答：“白日里师父出的哑谜，我猜想是叫我三更时分到您这儿来，因此便来了。请师父授我不老法术吧!”祖师大悦，心想悟空果真聪明。于是开始教他长生不老的法术。悟空大喜，苦练三年，从未间断。

　　

一日，祖师对他讲：“时至今日你已学有小成，尚需习得如何躲过命中三劫。”“哪三劫?” “你虽已习得长生不老之术， 但五百年后会遭天雷打击，若无法躲避将会丧命。”

　　

悟空听罢惊吓不已。祖师又道： “再过五百年，你会遭遇天火， 被烧成灰烬。再过五百年你会遭遇神风， 将你吹得骨肉四散。”悟空已是胆颤心惊，忙跪地哀求。“请师父授我避难之法，此恩情，弟子永世难忘。” 祖师向来宠他，遂附耳传授口诀。悟空苦练口诀，不日便学成了七十二般变化，还能够腾云驾雾，一个筋斗十万八千里。

　　

Soon，Master woke up and asked: “What are you doing here?” Wukong answered: “I understood your puzzle today as asking me to come at three o’clock through the back door so I came. Please teach me to become immortal!” Master was delighted that Wukong was clever enough to catch　his cue so he decided to teach him immortal magic. Wukong was overjoyed and practiced hard　for three years continuously.

　　

One day, Master told him: “So far, you have done pretty well but still need to learn how to avoid three doomed disasters.”“What are they?” “Though you have mastered the immortal magic, you will be struck by a heavenly lightning in 500　years and if you can’t avoid it you will be killed.”

　　

At this he was scared. Master continued: “In another five hundred years heavenly fire will burn you into ashes and in another five hundred years a heavenly gale will tear apart your flesh and bones .” Petrified, he dropped to his knees with shudder and begged: “Please teach me how to survive these disasters. I will always remember your kindness.” Being always fond of Wukong Master whispered some spells in his ear. He exercised the spells hard and before long mastered 72 transformations and also flying on clouds. With　one somersault he could travel 108,000 li .

　　

2020年翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记

　　

很久很久之前有座山，叫花果山，山上有一块巨石。一日， 巨石轰然爆炸，从里面跳出一只猴子。这只猴子样貌与其他猴子并无两样，只是眼放金光。石猴一生下来就在ft中跑来跳去，与ft中鸟兽玩耍。

　　

Long long ago, there was a mountain named Hua Guo Shan Mountain of Fruit and Flowers. On the mountain there was a large rock. One fine day, the rock exploded and a monkey jumped out. He looked no different than any other monkey except his blazing eyes. The rock monkey started jumping around and playing with the birds and beasts　immediately after he was born.

　　

一个夏天，石猴正和其他猴子在一个瀑布下面玩耍，忽听一只老猴子开口说道：“谁若能跳进水里找到水的源头，咱们就拥他为王。”众猴子一致同意，却无人敢跳。石猴见此情形就大声说到：“我去!”说着便跳进了瀑布里。没想到的是，瀑布后面无水， 却有一块石碑，上刻“水帘洞”。此外，还有一幢石屋，屋内家具皆为石头所做，应有尽有。石猴出去把其他猴子带了进来。猴子们欢呼雀跃并按照约定尊他为王。从此，猴王就带着猴子们在水帘洞过了几百年幸福的生活。

　　

One summer day, when the rock monkey was having fun with other monkeys under a waterfall a senior monkey announced: “ Whoever can dive into the water and find its source, we’ll let him be our king.”　Everyone agreed unanimously but nobody dared jump. Seeing this, the rock monkey shouted : “I will.” With these words, he leaped towards the waterfall. Surprisingly, behind the waterfall he found no water but a stone tablet with carved Chinese characters literally saying “Water Curtain Cave”. In addition, there was a stone house　equipped with all kinds of stone furniture.　He went back and brought in other monkeys. They cheered and according to the agreement made him their king. Thereafter, the king and his followers lived happily in the cave for hundreds of years.

　　

一日，在一个宴席上猴王感伤地说：“现在我虽每日快活， 可是将来衰老，还是不免要被阎王爷抓去。”“是呀，”一只猴子同情地说，“你若想逃过阎王这一关，就得去寻仙拜师学会长生不老术。”猴王觉得此计甚好就说，“我这便去寻仙拜师。”

　　

他令人做了木筏和船篙便出发了。很快，他靠岸登陆，看见几个渔民，抓住其中一人并抢了他的衣服。猴王扮成人的模样流浪了89年, 期间学会了人的语言和行为。一日，当他正爬ft时听到有人唱歌，歌者听起来逍遥自在似神仙。

　　

他循歌声找到了歌者，恭恭敬敬地问：“请问你是神仙吗?” 那人忙回答：“我不是神仙， 不过这首歌是一位神仙教给我的。”

　　

猴王打听了神仙的住处就继续前行，直至来到一岩洞前。只见洞门紧闭，洞口上方刻着“三星洞”三个大字。他不敢敲门，只得耐心等待。

　　

One day, at a banquet, the king said with sadness： “ Though happy now, when I get old I will inevitably be taken away by Yan Wang Ye--Death in Chinese mythology.”“Indeed”， said a monkey sympathetically，“if you want to escape death you must learn from a god some magic which can make you immortal. ” The king thought it was a good idea and joyfully declared, “I will now go to　look for a god to be my teacher.”

　　

He had a raft and barge-pole built by the monkeys and set out. Quite soon, he landed and saw several fishermen so he stopped one of them and seized his clothes. The monkey king dressed up as a human being and traveled for about nine years when he learned to talk and act like a man. One day, when he was climbing a mountain he heard a man singing who sounded secure and carefree as if　he were a god.

　　

By following the sound of the song he found the singer and asked respectfully: “Excuse me, are you a god?” “No, I am not but a god taught me this song”, answered the man immediately.

　　

He asked about the god’s residence and walked on until he arrived at a cave whose gate was closed. Over the gate were three big characters--San Xing Dong literally meaning Three Star Cave. He dared　not knock so he waited patiently.