第十一课 　　

　　

　　 放任影响 　　

　　

　　儿童发展？ 　　

　　

　　文本 　　

　　

　　谁该受责备，咪咪，还是她的父母？ 　　

　　

　　我一直以为萧红是个sl；奥尔特和 蔡尔德，但是今天我遇到了一个比他差一百倍的女孩。和她相比，小红简直是天使！ 　　

　　

　　刘叔叔和刘阿姨带着他们的宝贝女儿咪咪来看他们，一个五岁的女孩，也是他们唯一的孩子。我第一次见到她就感到厌恶。她打扮得非常漂亮。我总是讨厌小红在儿童节或其他 场合化妆的样子。但是这个咪咪是无缘无故涂上去的. 　　

　　

　　更糟糕的是，她还烫了头发。看到成年女性把头发烫成各种形状和样式已经够糟糕了——麻袋片、松钢丝、鸟巢、鸡尾辫，随便你怎么说，但这是她们自己的葬礼。如果他们想虐待和糟蹋自己的头发，他们是欢迎的，但对他们的孩子这样做真的很可怕。似乎这还不够，刘家还为咪咪戴上了 耳环.接下来呢？他们？如果缠足突然流行起来，我也要给她缠足。 　　

　　

　　她化妆的方式，虽然很糟糕，但与她的行为方式相比，简直是小巫见大巫。当妈妈给她一些糖果时，她抓了两把，拒绝说一声"谢谢!"当她妈妈温柔地提醒她时。亲爱的女孩！她在陌生人面前总是很害羞，忘记了自己的礼貌！多么无耻的谎言！无论如何也无法想象咪咪会被描述成一个害羞的女孩。无论如何，我不认为她有任何礼仪可以忘记。 　　

　　

　　当她玩萧红的东西时，她唯一的乐趣似乎就在于破坏。当她开始撕毁小红的图画书时，真的太多了，小红试图通过抢夺来挽救剩下的图画书。很明显，咪咪从来没有被这样的人欺负过，她开始嚎叫，就像一头被杀的猪。她的父母冲向她，好像他们亲爱的女儿有生命危险。 　　

　　

　　 小红！ 她！打她的屁股，咪咪不停地尖叫。没有f 　　

inding out what it was all about, and without a single word of reprimand, the Lius were all out to mollify her. "There, there, don' t cry my precious! Auntie will spank her later! " But Mimi was not so easily mollified. "No, no! Mammy spank her now!" Her mother really went up to Xiao Hong and clapped her hands behind Xiao Hong's back, pretending to be : "See if you dare to make Mimi cry again! " This sort of went on and on.

　　

Lunch was an even more affair, either because she had too much sweets in her or she was over-nourished anyway, she just refused to eat anything. All the same she insisted on having all the best dishes in front of her and dipped her spoon into every one of them at will, while all the time her parents, one on each side of her, tried their best to spoonfeed her. They and cajoled, and for every occasional mouthful Mimi took, they cheered and praised as though it was a by their darling daughter. They expected cheers and praises from us too. More often than not, Mimi would spit out what she had just taken, and the table was littered with her spilt and out food. She spoiled the whole meal for everybody.

　　

At last we had a moment of peace and quiet when Mimi off after the meal. But it was only a before another storm. When the Lius tried gently to wake her in order to leave, she got into a tantrum because they had disturbed her sleep, and

　　

she kept raining blows ori her father all the way he carried her downstairs. Serves him damn well right, I said to myself in secret delight. At last Mimi was doing something with my full approval. I would love her even more if she did the same to her mother.

　　

When the door finally closed on them, Mum and Dad looked at each other and burst out laughing. Soon we were all laughing.

　　

II. Read

　　

Read the following passages. Underline the important viewpoints while reading.

　　

l. The Growing up of a Black Boy

　　

One evening my mother told me that thereafter I would have to do the shopping for food. She took me to the corner store to show me the way. I was proud. I felt like a grown-up. The next afternoon I looped the basket over my arm went down the pavement toward the store. When I reached the corner, a gang of boys grabbed me, knocked me down, snatched the basket, took the money and sent me running home in pamc.

　　

That evening I told my mother what had happened, but she made no comment. She sat down at once, wrote another note, gave me more money and sent me out to the grocery again. I crept down the street and saw the same gang of boys playing down the street. I ran back into t.he house.

　　

"What's the matter?" my mother asked.

　　

"It's those same boys," I said. "They'll beat me. "

　　

"You've got to get over that," she said. "Now, go on."

　　

"I'm scared," I said.

　　

"Go on. Anct don't pay any attention to them," she said;

　　

I went out of the door and walked briskly down the sidewalk, praying

　　

that the gang would not me.

　　

But when I came of them, someone shouted, "here he is."

　　

They came toward me and I broke into a wild run toward home. Thev overtook me and flung me to the pavement. I yelled, pleaded, kicked, but they the money out of my hand. They yanked me to my feet, gave me a few slaps and sent me home .

　　

My mother met me at the door.

　　

"They bea... hea... beat me, " I . "They too... too... took the mo... money . " I stamed up the steps, seeking the shelter of the hcuse.

　　

"Don't you come in here! " my mother warned me.

　　

I froze in my tracks and stared at her. "But they are coming after me, " I said.

　　

"You just stay right where you are," she said in a deadly tone. "I'm going to teach you this night to stand up and fight for yourself." She went into the house and I waited, terrified, wondering what she was about.

　　

Presently she returned with more money and another note. She also had a long heavy stick. "Take this money, this note and this stick," she said. "(Go to the store and buy those groceries. If those boys bother you, then fight." I was baffled. My mother was telling me to fight - a thing that she had never done before.

　　

"But I'm scared, "I said.

　　

"Don't you come into this house until you've gotten those groceries," she said.

　　

"'rhey'll beat me.

　　

They'll beat me," I said.

　　

"Then stay in the streets. Don't come back here."

　　

I ran up the steps and tried to force my?way past her into the house. A stinging slap came on my . I stood on the sidewalk, crying. "Please, let me wait until tomorrow!" I begged.

　　

"No, " she said. "Go now! If you come back into this house without those groceries, I'll whip you. ?She slammed the door and I heard the key turn in the lock.

　　

I shook with fright. I was alone upon the dark, hostile streets and gangs were after me. I Have the choice of being beaten at home or away from home. I clutched the stick, crying, trying to reason. If I were beaten at home, there was absolutely nothing that I could do about it. But if I were beaten in the streets, I had a chance to fight and defend myself.

　　

I walked slowly down the sidewalk, coming closer to the gang of boys, holding the stick tightly. I was so full of fear that I could scarely breathe. I was almost upon them now.

　　

"There he is again," the cry went up. They surrounded me quickly and began to grab for my hand.

　　

"I'll kill you." I threatened.

　　

They closed in and, in blind fear, I let the stick fly, feeling it crack against a boy' s . I swung again, landing another skull, then another. Realizing that they would , if I let up for but a second, I fought to lay them low, to knock them cold, to kill them so that they could not strike back at me. I with tears in my eyes, teeth , stock fear making me throw every ounce of my strength behind each blow. I hit again and again, dropping the money and the grocery list. The boys , yelling, nursing their heads, staring at me in utter disbelief. They had never seen such . I stood panting, egging them on, them to come on and fight. Wben they refused, I ran after them and t.hey tore out for their homes, screaming.

　　

The parents of the boys rushed into the streets and thieatened me. And for the first time in my life, I shouted at grown-ups, telling them that I would give them the same if they bothered me. I finally found my grocery list and the money, and went to the store.

　　

On my way back, I kept my stick for instant use, but there was not a single boy in sight.

　　

That night, I won the right to the streets of Memphis.

　　

2. Parents Are Too Permissive with Their Children Nowadays

　　

Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and Company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The child's happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about' the parents' happiness? Parents suffer constantly from fear and while their children about pulling the place apart. A good old-fashioned

　　

spanking is out of the question: no modern childrearing manual would permit such barbarity.

　　

The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological wounds you might ? The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over to avoid giving their children complexes which a hundred years ago hadn't even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.

　　

Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents' confidence in their own authority. And it hasn't taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on child care, there are articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice flying about, mum and dad just don't know what to do ariy more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parent.s, lives are regulated according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey?

　　

Children are creatures (far than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness, which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of delinquency in our own age is largely due to.parental laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer is very fine indeed.

　　

The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep their mouths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps there's some truth in the idea that children who've had a of happiness in their childhood emerge like puddings and fail to make a success of life.

　　

3. Parental Is Taken to Extremes

　　

The dictionary defines "filial piety" as "a son's or daughter's to and respect for parents". It is a pity that in reality the implication of this expression has changed in China, a nation so proud of this .

　　

It so happened in a department store that an old couple, after careful

　　

selection and much , fumhled 600 yuan from their pockets for a quality down quilt, smiling wi.t.h content when. the package was handed over the counter.

　　

"It's so good to see the elderly spend their for their own sake. There aren't many old people who buy expensi.ve commodities for themselves these days," commented a. " target="_blank">middle-aged paaer-by.

　　

"We really should be a bit hedonistic, shouldn't. we?"

　　

The old couple's smile froze on hearing the words. "It's actually for my youngest son. He's getting married soon," sighed the old man.

　　

The passer-by nodded understandingly, "Show filial piety to your son, eh?" she said half jokingly. Her words were greeted by a fit of hollow laughter.

　　

This role reversal-piety to one' s children-is not , in rural areas and cities alike.

　　

Parents save every penny for a child to enter a self-paid college if he or she fails university entrance exams. They empty their pockets for a son or daughter's wedding. They do all the household chores for a child living together with them.

　　

Without exaggeration, Chinese parents are the most thoughtful and considerate of parents in the world. Just visit an amusement park on Sunday and you will see how true this statement is.

　　

When Chinese parents, or grandparents, accompany their children to amusement parks, rarely do they ride the roller coaster or the wonder wheel; not because they are too timid, but because they are simply too busy queuing up for their children.

　　

In much the same way, they would sacrifice their own interests for the happiness of their offspring.

　　

A 1990 survey in Bengbu, Anhui Province, found 62 per cent of the younger families owned colour TV sets; compared with 23 per cent in older families.

　　

While 61 per cent of younger families refrigerators and 80 per cent had washing machines, relevant percentages from the older families were 19 and 35.

　　

Apart from the older generation's , the survey said the aged spend much income on their children. Their savings were further diminished by entertaining their extended families on holidav.

　　

In Tianjin, a survey of 100 newly-weds found for the occasion averaged 11, 380 yuan ( $ 2, 147 ) . Among them, 93 per cent were "sponsored,?by parents, partiaily or totally.

　　

That explains, to a large degree, why the homes of most Chinese parents are rather plain, with furniture bought in the 1950s and 1960s. In sharp contrast, the homes of young couples display matching furniture, video cassettes and audio systems. Therr houses are usually carpeted and decorated with wallpaper.

　　

When young people do not have houses of their own upon marriage, their parents readily give up the best space in the house, and retreat to smaller north-facing rooms.

　　

When grandchildren are born, many grandparents volunteer to be baby-sitters, caring for and bringing up the third generation without complaint.

　　

This "piety" towards sons and daughters is very moving indeed. But I can't help thinking that it is more natural for children to leave their parents and live on their own as is the practice in other countries.In this way, children can better develop the habit of working and living independently. The older generation, on the other hand, can enjoy their later years in a more relaxed way.

　　

Occasionally, parents may extend financial help to their children if the latter are really in need of it. But they need not care on their grown-up children. It is the children who should practise the virtue of being filial to their old parents. In this way, society would follow a more healthy path of development.

　　

4. Bringing up Children

　　

　　

"One reason why the family unit is is that parents have their authority over children. The permissive school of thought says, "Let the child do what he wants to when he wants to, no matter what it is, don't his pecsonality, don't him, you'll ruin him for life.?Because of this we've got a generation of spoilt selfcentred with no respect for their elders. Children always push to see how much they can get away with; if you give them nothing to push against, there are no moral limits,no moral convictions will develop in the children. We have this in the schools-children have much less respect for their teachers nowadays. "

　　

How do you define respect?

　　

"Realizing that someone else might have desires also. Respect doesn't mean that when someone in authority says "jump" you jump--that's the military approach-but young people today, if they have an opinion that's different from yours, then you re the fool and the re right, even if they don't have enough experience to judge."

　　

How do you feel about children using stwearwords?

　　

"I never hear them swear, but I saw one of my daughter's diaries and it was fuil of a word that I'd have her for if she'd said it aloud. Swearing goes against my sensibilities. It's mental laziness. If people aren't allowed to swear they use their brains to find a better word."

　　

Do you think it's just a matter of convention or do you think there's a deeper moral objection to swearing?

　　

"I think it' s not done. It' s in nice society. We' ve been taught not to swear, and I think well-brought-up people should avoid it. If I ever hear a woman use "s-h-i-t" I think a lot less of her." (Margaret, 43, American)

　　

5. Some Hard-working Dads Miss Seeing Their Kids Grow up

　　

Dear Ann Landers: A number of my friends work so many hours that they rarely see their children. When they finally make the time,they discover that their children are grown up and have no time for them.

　　

I wrote the following piece and you are welcome to share it with your readers if you think it's good enough. Sign me-Lonely, Anywhere, U.S.A.

　　

Dear Lonely: It's excellent. You've zeroed in on one of the principal problems of parenthood in the ,80s. Thanks for tossing it my way.

　　

Where Did the Years Go?

　　

I remember talking to my friend a number of years ago about our children. Mine were 5 and 7 then, just the ages when their daddy means everything to them. I wished that I could have spent more time with my kids but I was too busy working. After all, I wanted to give them all the things I never had when I was growing up.

　　

I loved the idea of coming home and having them sit on my lap and tell me about their day. Unfortunately, most days I came home so late that I was only able to kiss them good night after they had gone to sleep.

　　

It is amazing how fast kids grow. Before I knew it, they were 9 and 11. I missed seeing them in school plays. Everyone said they were terrific, but the plays always seemed to go on when I was traveling for business or tied up in a special conference. The kids never complained, but I could see the disappointment in their eyes.

　　

I kept that I would have more time "next year? But the higher up the ladder I climbed, the less time there seemed to be.

　　

Suddenly they were no longer 9 and 11. They were 14 and 16. Teenagers. I didn't see my daughter the night she went out on her first date or my son's championship basketball game. Mom made excuses and I managed to telephone and talk to them before they left the house. I could hear the disappointment in their voices, but I explained as best I could.

　　

Don't ask where the years have gone. Those little kids are 19 and 21 now and in college. I can't believe it. My job is less demanding and I finally

　　

have time for them. But they have their own interests and there is no time for me. To be honest, I'm a little hurt.

　　

It seems like yesterday that they were 5 and 7. I'd give anything to live those years over. You can bet your life I'd do it differently. But they are gone now, and so is my chance to be a real dad.

　　

6. Parents Go back to School to Teach Children Better

　　

Having abandoned cl. for more than 10 years, many citizens in Beijing have returned to school only because they have become parents.

　　

They seek help to tackle a problem: the education of their "only child". Some people call these children the "little emperors of China" .

　　

"Many parents, either on their children or behaving badly towards , know little about home education and thus make errors, " said Ding Rong, a teacher from the Fourth Middle School of Beijing.

　　

After a pupil was beaten to death by his mother Last year in Northwest

　　

hina's Qinghai Province, a survey was made in a Beijing primary school. Of the 36 parents surveyed, everybody knew of the incident yet none were aware of any defects in their system of home education.

　　

Surprisingly, some said they would follow suit if their children failed to study properly.

　　

"In this sense, parents' schools are badly needed, " said Zhen Yan, deputy general-secretary of Beijing Research Association of Home Education, which is in charge of more than 3, 500 parents' schools in the city.

　　

The purpose of the schools, she said, was to help parents to establish proper position for their children in a family and society and treat them in a more enlightened way.

　　

The schools provided a series of lectures on "how to educate your child properly? advice given by experts and "Fumu Bidu" ("How to become good parents") and a monthly magazine published in Beijing with a circulation of 600, 000.

　　

"I never thought I would re-enter school, ?said Xiao Chengjun, a 40-year-old woman worker, "I was taken aback when I was first asked the question 'Do you really know your child?'"

　　

Jiang Bo, her 14-year-old son, was a second-year student of Hujialou Middle School in Beijing's Chaoyang District. Of six courses, he failed three of his first term exams. Xiao got angry and beat him, but he showed no improvement.

　　

It was not until she took courses in a parents' school that she realized beating is pointless. The following term, Jiang Bo succeeded in all his lessons and helped teach his mother English.

　　

"Children are easily affected," said Ding Rong, "the disharmony, and often the disputes in a family places the child in an awkward position. "

　　

Parents, who are the first teachers of their children, need not only to instruct, but to.be educated, even by their children, said an expert.

　　

One pupil complained in a composition that his father, a chain , always left the smell of smoke in the living room and he could not do his homework there.

　　

Another wrote that his father often played mahjong and the noise kept him awake most of the night.

　　

"It's the father's fault not to educate his son himself," is an old saying. "But, it's also the father' s fault if he sets his son a bad example, " said Zhen Yan.

　　

Since China pursues the policy of "one child for one couple", many parents are expecting too much from their children.

　　

In Taoranting Primary School, Beijing , s Xuanwu District, 423 parents, over 87 per cent of the total surveyed, wanted their children to become university students. About half of them threaiened to punish their children if they did not pass their exams.

　　

A parents' school set up by the First Experimental Primary School suggested that parents allow their children to take over some household duties on Sundays to build up their sense of responsibility.

　　

Some parents admitted they ignored the and psychological changes in their children and thus treated them with beatings and scoldings.

　　

A parent said, "After attending the class, I know more about my child and she also understands me more. "