coming to america,corporate america

  

  译者王伟   

  

  

文中黑字部分为原文,蓝字部分为译文,红字部分为译者注释或补充说明

  

  

  

The Companies with the Most Debt in America

  

  

  

by Wolf Richter

  

  

     

  

The concentration of corporate debt: The top 46.

  

  全美负债额排名前46名企业的负债情况   

  

  美国司法部今天批准了第三大无线运营商T-Mobile和第四大无线运营商Sprint Corp .的合并。为了推进合并,他们必须向Dish出售Sprint的预付费品牌。至于其它方面,不管这会对无线服务的竞争和费率产生什么影响,有一点是肯定的,那就是它会创造出另一个美国债务怪物。   

  

  2019年7月26日,美国司法部批准并发布了美国第三和第四大移动通信公司T-Mobile和Sprint的合并案。为了使M & amp业务进展顺利,两家公司计划将Sprint的预付费无线业务出售给卫星电视提供商Dish。至于其他方面,不管这次合并会对行业竞争和无线通信服务费率产生什么影响,有一点是肯定的:这次合并会导致另一个美国债务巨头的诞生。   

  

  T-Mobile有374亿美元的短期和长期债务;Sprint有398亿美元。他们总共将有772亿美元的债务。   

  

  T-Mobile未偿还的长期和短期债务为374亿美元,Sprint的债务余额为398亿美元,两家公司的债务总额为772亿美元。   

  

  这仅包括债务,不包括其他负债,如应付账款、应付所得税、应计工资或包罗万象的“其他负债”一年内到期的短期债务,包括一年内到期的长期债务;长期债务将在一年内到期。“资本化租赁”——这是亚马逊的一个大项目——是长期债务。   

  

  这只是未到期债务的数据,不包括其他形式的负债,如应付账款、应付所得税、应付工资,或资产负债表上杂项负债加在一起的“其他负债”。短期债券是指期限在一年以内的债券,包括初始发行期较长但剩余期限在一年以内的长期债务。“资本化租赁费”也是一项长期债务,是亚马逊资产负债表上的一大负债。   

  

  合并后,合并后的T-Mobile和Sprint负债770亿美元,将成为美国第九大负债公司,仅次于沃尔玛和CVS。   

  

  合并后,T-Mobile和Sprint将成为美国第九大公司,债务余额为770亿美元,刚好在CVS和沃尔玛之间。   

  

  这只是美国债务集中的最新产物。电信并购造就了这些庞然大物   

  

  这是美国企业高负债的最新情况。美国电信业的并购催生了以下巨头:   

  

  ATT,全美负债第一的公司,短期和长期债务高达1910亿美元。   

  

  ATT是美国负债最多的公司,长期和短期债务总额高达1910亿美元;   

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Verizon, Number 3 most indebted company in America, with a still fabulous $136 billion in debt.

  

美国负债第三多的公司Verizon的总负债为1360亿美元;

  

Comcast, Number 4 most indebted company in America, with $113.78 billion in debt.

  

美国负债额排名第四的公司Comcast的未到期债务为1137.8亿美元;

  

And Charter Communications, the Number 10 most indebted outfit in America, with $75.3 billion in debt.

  

美国有线电视运营商Charter Communications以753亿美元的负债成为全美债务负担排名第十的公司。

  

I’m counting only non-financial companies. This excludes financial companies such as banks that borrow money to lend money. But there are some gray areas in this distinction. This gray area includes the Number 2 most indebted US company, Ford with $159.7 billion in debt. Its wholly-owned subsidiary Ford Credit is its financial arm and captive auto lender that borrows money to lend money. So be it. Several companies in this group have financial subsidiaries.

  

以上提到的只是非金融企业,不包括商业银行这种靠借钱放贷谋利的金融企业,但这两者之间有一些灰色区域,包括全美债务总量第二大的公司——福特汽车,总债务为1597亿美元,其全资子公司福特信贷为旗下的金融企业,专营购车融资业务,营业模式为借钱放款,其他此类集团型企业也下设有金融类子公司。

  

Apple is Number 5 with $112.6 billion in debt, a result of its all-time record-breaking share buybacks with which it blew past GE, another share buyback queen before its house of cards threatened to collapse, with $111.7 billion in Debt.

  

苹果公司为全美债务总量排名第五的公司,总量为1126亿美元,“罪魁祸首”是其创纪录的股票回购,回购金额甚至超过热衷于在经营陷入困境之前大搞股票回购的通用电气,通用电气的总负债为1117亿美元。

  

Those are the six non-financial publicly traded companies, each with more than $100 billion in debt.

  

这六家非金融类上市公司每家的债务余额均超过1000亿美元。

  

In fact, the top 10 most indebted companies combined have a breath-taking $1.2 trillion in debt. These days we throw “trillions” around to stay fit on a daily basis, but it’s still “real money,” so to speak. This is the outgrowth of the massive concentration of debt in the US corporate world.

  

实际上,全美未偿债券余额最多的10家企业加在一起有1.2万亿美元的负债,规模之大足以令人感到窒息,这是美国企业债务大幅增长的必然结果。

  

Corporate debt has ballooned in many countries. In terms of magnitude – in terms of trillions of dollars – and in terms of how fast this debt has ballooned, no country can hold a candle to China’s corporations, though they now have to deleverage, forced or otherwise. On that global scale, and as a percent of GDP, the US corporate debt is only in 24th place (here are the countries with the most corporate debt).

  

很多国家的公司债务总量都在快速膨胀,如果以债务总量以及债务增长速度为标准来衡量,没有任何一个国家敢望中国企业的项背,尽管中国的企业如今也不得不降杠杆,甭管是被迫地还是另有原因。从全球范围来看,以企业债务总量占该国GDP的比率来衡量,美国在全球只排在第24位。

  

An interesting thing happened on Amazon’s balance sheet: Its long-term debt, which includes capital leases, jumped by 77% in six months, from $33.1 billion at the end of 2018 to $58.5 billion at the end of June. This moved Amazon up to the Number 12 most indebted company in America.

  

亚马逊公司的资产负债表有意思的地方在于,其不含资本化的租赁费用在内的未到期的长期债务总额,在过去六个月里暴涨77%,从2018年末的331亿美元升至2019年6月末的585亿美元,导致亚马逊公司成为全美负债额为第十二大的公司。

  

So I did some manual digging, and below are the 46 most indebted, publicly traded non-financial companies in the US. Each has at least $20 billion in short-term and long-term debt. Combined, they have $2.6 trillion in debt.

  

因此我亲手做了一些数据挖掘工作,以下是全美债务余额最多的46家非金融企业上市公司,每家的长短期债务余额均不少于200亿美元,这46家企业的负债加在一起有2.6万亿美元之多。

  

To get a feel for how much $2.6 trillion in debt is: This is equal to the total debt of the government of France and more than the debt of Germany’s government.

  

知道这是什么概念吗,2.6万亿美元相当于法国国债的总量,比德国国债的总量还多。

  

The data is based on recent quarterly reports. Let me know if I left out some of your favorites (the minimum qualifier is $20 billion), and I will update the table. “ST Debt” denotes “short-term debt” and “LT Debt” denoted “Long-term Debt.” If your smartphone clips the table on the right and the “Total” column is missing, hold your device in landscape position. You can search the table via the search function in your browser. All amounts in billion dollars.

  

以下各家美国公司的负债额数据来自于最新的季度财报,如果有读者认为有遗漏请提醒我更新,上榜企业的债务总量应不低于200亿美元。表中的“ST Debt”指的是短期债务余额,“LT Debt”为长期债务余额,金额单位为10亿美元。

  

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