时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容,学好时态基本上占了语法的一半。今天总结的八种时态是初中大家都要求的,所以在期末复习的时候一定要多加注意!(温馨提示:不要忘记收藏哦,用时好找)
英语八大时态:
一个
一般现在时
标志:动词原形
1.表示有规律的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用:
她经常说英语。
我每天早上7点离家去上学。
2.表示现在的状态、特点、职业、能力、感情等。
他今天似乎有点情绪低落。
他是一名司机。
3.表达真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言:
上海位于中国的东部。
哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
有志者事竟成。
4.表示当前的行动:
公共汽车来了!
5.预示未来
1)表示按照规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于一些表示“来、去、动、停、起、止、续”等的趋向动词)。),可以和表示将来的时间状语连用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。比如:
下一班火车今天下午3点离开。
班车多长时间一趟?
2)一般现在时常用于时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来将要发生的事情:
比尔来时,请他等我。
除非我太忙,否则我明天会去那里。
2
一般过去时
标志:动词过去式
*闭音节:元音a、e、I、o、u如果发其原音,称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。
1.表示过去某时发生的动作或存在状态,常与过去时间状语连用(如昨天、今天上午、刚才、片刻之前、五月、昨晚/年/周、从前、前一天、前…、何时…、过去等。).比如:
吉姆刚才给你打电话了。
刘英去年在美国。
2.用来做,尤其是句型,是用来做过去的事,也就是经常用到的。比如:
当我还是个孩子的时候,我经常在街上踢足球。
她过去每周去看她妈妈一次。
*注意区分某人。用来做某事。(某人用来做某事,这里to是不定式标记)来自某人。习惯于某事。/做某事。(某人习惯于某事/做某事,这里to是介词)。
3.而不是简单的现在时,表达一种委婉、礼貌、客气、协商的语气。这种用法只适用于少数动词(如want、hope、wonder、think、intend等。)和情态动词could,would。比如:
我想知道你是否能和我说句话。
我希望你能帮我学英语。
你介意我坐在这里吗?
4. 虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有:
It is time that sb. did sth. “某人该做某事了”
would rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”
3
一般将来时
标志:will / shall + 动词原形
1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如:
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
My husband will come back in a few days.
2. 表示倾向性和习惯性:
Fish will die without water.
When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.
3. 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:
1) will / shall + 动词原形
多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)
*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称
2) be going to + 动词原形
表示即将发生或打算要做的事:
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
3) be to + 动词原形
表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are to discuss the report on Monday.
4) be about to + 动词原形
表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如:
The plane is about to start.
Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.
4
现在进行时
标志:be + 动词的现在分词
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作:
She is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are you waiting for?
It is raining hard.
2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行):
I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.
3. 表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如:
John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.
He is always thinking of others first.
4. 表示将来
1) 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:
Uncle Wang is coming.
They're leaving for Beijing.
2) 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如:
Please drop in when you are passing my way.
If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.
5
过去进行时
标志:was / were + 动词的现在分词
1. 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如:
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.
They were watching TV at home last night.
2. 表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如:
My brother was always losing his keys.
3. 表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
4. 过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生):
Granny fell asleep when she was reading.
It was raining when they left the station.
6
现在完成时
标志:have / has + 动词的过去分词
1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如:
He has left the city. (结果:他目前不在这个城市)
Someone has broken the window. (结果:窗户破了)
2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示“未完成”)。
I have been busy since last week.
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
I’ve finished half so far.
注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。如:
She hasn’t seen you for ages.
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.
3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如:
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.
4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如:
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.
5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语
能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常见的有:
1) since 自从
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (for) the last/past month.
3) so far 到目前为止
We haven’t had any trouble so far.
So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.
4) up to/until now 到现在为止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heard nothing from him up till now.
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.
It is the second time (that) I have met him today.
6) This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系;
而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。如:
I have seen this film. (我已经看过了这部电影)
I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的这部电影)
2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆没有时间状语;
而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。
3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know等);
而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.
My grandfather bought the car five years ago.
7. 易错点辨析
1) 考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的。如:
(×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。
(√) He has been dead for two years.
(√) He died two years ago.
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 电影开演十分钟了。
(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.
(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.
(×) She has married for three years. 她结婚有三年了。
(√) She has been married for three years.
(√) She married Mike three years ago.
2) 考生不懂如何区分have been to和have gone to,尽管两者均可后接地点,但have been to表示去过某地(现在已经回来了),have gone to表示到某地去了(现在还没回来)。如:
She has been to Paris (three times).
She has gone to Paris.
7
过去完成时
标志:had + 动词的过去分词
1. 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。如:
By the end of last week he had finished the work.
He had left when I arrived.
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如:
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.
3. 某些表意向的动词(如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等)的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算。如:
I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
4. (虚拟语气)在条件状体从句或wish / would rather等后面的从句中,使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如:
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时
1) 基本区别:过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如:
He studied there two years ago.他两年前在那儿学习(离现在两年)
He said he had studied there two years before.他说他两年前在那儿学习过。(离他说话时两年)
2) 特别注意:两个动作如果按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或者用then, and, but等连词连接时,多用一般过去时。如:
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
8
过去将来时
标志:would + 动词原形
1. 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如:
He said he would come here next Friday.
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.
2. 表示过去的动作习惯或倾向:
The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.
When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.
3. 用于虚拟语气中:
If I were you, I would not do that.
If he were here, he would show us how to do it.
4. 过去将来时的其他形式
1) was / were going to + 动词原形。如:
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.
She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
2) was / were to + 动词原形。如:
The building was to be completed next month.
Li Lei was to arrive soon.
3) was / were about to + 动词原形。如:
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.
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