uniform的意思,uniform 什么意思

  

  介词复习及介词习语复习   

  

     

  

  一。意思较为复杂的介词   

  

  1 About:   

  

  关于:   

  

  我对此事一无所知。   

  

  围绕、环绕:   

  

  她脖子上戴着一条about金项链。   

  

  在……的附近;在……周围:   

  

  城堡周围的街道充满了历史名胜。   

  

  正要……;刚要……(后面接不定式):   

  

  我刚要说话,我的同伴就让我注意到房间远处角落里发生的事情。   

  

  2 Against:   

  

  反对:   

  

  我父亲反对给女性投票权。   

  

  你是赞成还是反对这个建议?   

  

  反抗、抵抗、对抗   

  

  反对拿破仑的战争;与疾病的斗争;敬riseagainstoppressor .   

  

  靠着;倚着:   

  

  他背靠着门坐着。   

  

  不要靠墙站着。   

  

  撞着;碰着:   

  

  她的头撞到了树枝上。   

  

  10. at:   

  

  表示地点时,指最为具体、明确的地点。   

  

  邮局在街道的拐角处。   

  

  我会在火车站接你。   

  

  表示时间时,指具体的时刻(几点几分)。   

  

  大会在七点半开始。   

  

  下列情况应该死记:   

  

  圣诞节;黎明时分;日落时分;中午;在夜里   

  

  表示事物或人所处的状态。   

  

  这两个部落一直处于战争状态。   

  

  和他在一起,我从不感到自在。   

  

  表示原因。   

  

  听到这个消息,整个国家都沉浸在悲痛之中。   

  

  我应一个朋友的要求来看你。   

  

  表示"以……的速度"或"以……的价格"。   

  

  这辆汽车以每小时60英里的速度在乡间疾驰。   

  

  鸡蛋每打卖3先令。   

  

     

  

  11. by:   

  

  用以引出动作的发出者,汉语译为"被"、"受到"、"由"。   

  

  他被一块落下的岩石砸死了。   

  

  表示动作的方式或手段,汉语译为"通过"。   

  

  乘客必须从桥上穿过铁路线。   

  

  他靠开出租车谋生。   

  

  表示位置时,意思是"在……的旁边"。   

  

  在寒冷的晚上,坐在火炉旁是令人愉快的。   

  

  表示时间时,意思是"到……时(为止)"。   

  

  我已经答应在本周末之前完成这项工作。   

  

  表示买卖东西时用以计算的数或量;支付报酬时用以计算的时间。   

  

  牛奶按品脱卖,黄油按磅卖,鸡蛋按打卖。   

  

  大多数工人按周计酬。   

>   

⑥ by + 反身代词的意思是“独自”(没有人在一起或没有人帮忙)。

  

Shelives by herself in a small cottage in the country.

  

  

5. from:

  

①表示出发或行为起始的地点以及事物的来源,汉语译为“从”;“来自”。

  

Weset sail from Liverpool.

  

Teacomes from India and China.

  

Hejumped from a five-storey window into the street below.

  

②表示原因(通常用于贬义)

  

Allher life she suffered from headaches.

  

Thetwo explorers died from exposure to the cold.

  

③表示“防止”或“避免”。

  

Hesaved the child from drowning.

  

Weput on our raincoat to protect us from the rain.

  

动词keep、prevent、stop后搭配from都属于这种用法。

  

④表示“差异”或“对比”。

  

Wecould not distinguish one from the other.

  

Wefound a village very much changed from what it used to be.

  

单词different、tell (分辨,区分) 后搭配的from 均属这种用法。

  

  

6. For:

  

①表示目的。

  

Georgeis saving up for a camera.

  

Hewent into the shop for some cigarettes.

  

②表示原因,汉语常译为“因为”、“由于”。

  

Youcan’t see the wood for the trees.

  

Hewas given a title for services to his country.

  

③表示“赞成”、“同意”。

  

Areyou for the suggestion, or against it?

  

I’mall for anything that will make our work easier.

  

④表示“对……来说”、“考虑到……”。

  

Theweather is quite warm for November.

  

Heis tall for a boy of eight.

  

⑤表示动作持续的时间。

  

Lastweek I stayed in Beijing for three days.

  

⑥表示“交换”。

  

Ilet him have my watch for his camera.

  

Shebought it for five pounds.

  

⑦用以表示不定式的逻辑主语。

  

It is not good for children to have too muchmoney.

  

  

7. in:

  

①表示地点、范围,汉语译为“在……”; “在……中(内、里)。

  

Sheis a nurse and is working now in a hospital.

  

Doyou like the bird in the cage?

  

②表示时间时的用法:(在一段时间范围之内)

  

inthe morning ( afternoon; evening)

  

inspring (summer; autumn, winter)

  

inJanuary ( February, March……)

  

in1919

  

③相当于汉语的“用”、“以”之类的意思。

  

Please answer my questions inEnglish.

  

Only in this way can youremember new words easily.

  

④表示“进”、“入”一类的意思,但主要强调状态。

  

He put his hand in hispocket.

  

⑤表示衣饰等,“穿着”、“戴着”。

  

Doyou know the woman in white?

  

He is always dressed inuniform.

  

⑥表示“在……方面”、“在 ……上”。

  

I think he will have some troubles infinishing the task.

  

Mr. Green spend o lot of money inplaying computer games.

  

  

8. of:

  

①表示所属关系,汉语常译为“的”。

  

The soldiers of the Queen;

  

the surface of the road

  

the cover of the book

  

②表示“在……中”。

  

Threeof them;

  

halfof the money collected

  

③ 表示……的数量或种类。

  

Apiece of chalk

  

asheet of paper

  

④表示同位关系。

  

Thecity of Tianjin

  

thefact of my seeing him

  

⑤表示材料、成分等。

  

Adress of silk

  

Whatis the table made of?

  

Thebook consists of several chapters.

  

⑥表示“解除”、“分离”、“剥夺”。

  

Curesb of a disease;

  

robsb of his money

  

  

9. on:

  

①表示“接触”,汉语的意思是“在 ……上”。

  

Thebooks on the table;

  

havea hat on his head;

  

②表示时间时,专指确定的某一时间、日期、机会。

  

Onthe 1st of October;

  

onthe morning of Mat the first;

  

③表示露天的地点。

  

Onthe ground;

  

onthe farm

  

④ “有关”、“关于”

  

He will give them a speech oninternational affairs.

  

⑤表示“是……的成员”、“在……任职”。

  

Heis on the committee.

  

Iwas on the football team of our school when I was a student.

  

⑥表示根据、基础、条件、理由等,汉语常译为“靠、借、由于”。

  

下列短语都属于这种用法:

  

bebased on; depend on; buy sth on credit

  

oncondition that; live onrice

  

⑦表示动作或状态在进行中,汉语可译为“在…… 中”。

  

On holiday; on duty; on sale; on business;

  

on fire;

  

  

10. over:

  

①表示垂直在上,但有一定的距离而不接触。汉语译为“在……上”。

  

Hold an umbrella over one’shead;

  

The lamp hung over the table.

  

②表示时间时,意思是“在……期间”。

  

Are you staying in London overChristmas.

  

Over the centuries

  

③表示“越过”。

  

Climb over a wall; our friends over thesea;

  

She spoke to me over hershoulder.

  

④ “在……对面“

  

They live over the street.

  

⑤表示数量上“超过”或“在……以上”。

  

Over eight years ago;

  

He spoke for over an hour.

  

⑥ 表示“遍及”。

  

All over the body (浑身); travel all over the world;

  

Snow is falling over north of England.

  

  

11. with:

  

①表示一起、伴同等,汉语常译为“同”、“和”、“一起”、“跟”。

  

Combine theory withpractice; co-operate withothers;

  

learn English with Pro.Jones; be together withhim;

  

②表示伴随发生,汉语常译为“随着”。

  

Change with seasons; increase with years;

  

With these words, he wentout.

  

③表示“有”、“带有”。

  

A girl with golden hair; a room with furniture;

  

China is a large country witha long history.

  

④表示所使用的工具、手段,汉语常译为“用”。

  

Cut with a knife; take it with both hands

  

I have no money to buy it with.

  

⑤表示原因、理由,汉语常译为“因为”、“由于”。

  

Be silent with shame; be troubled with disease;

  

I can’t go out with all thesedishes to wash.

  

⑥用于表示情感、情绪的形容词之后,表示“关于、就、对”。

  

Be angry with sb. ; be satisfied with ;

  

be patient with;

  

⑦后接复合宾语,用以说明附带情况或交代细节。

  

A woman with a child in herarms;

  

read with a pipe in one’smouth;

  

speak with one’s tears inone’s eyes;

  

  

二.意思比较单纯的介词:

  

1.above:

  

①表示位置高于(=higher than ),汉语译为“在……上面”。

  

500meters above the sea level;

  

The sunrose above the horizon.

  

② (价值) 甚于、胜过(= more than)

  

We lovetruth above everything else.

  

  

12. across:

  

①横越;横过

  

run acrossthe street; sail acrossthe Pacific;

  

②交叉

  

The twolines pass across each other at the right angles.

  

  

3.among:

  

(三者) 在……之中;在……中间

  

avillage among the hills;

  

Shanghaiis among the largest cities in the world.

  

  

4.beyond:

  

①在……的那边;在……以外

  

amile beyond the town’

  

Isyour house beyond the river or on this side of it?

  

②(时间)过了……;比……晚

  

beyondnine o’clock;

  

Don’tstay out beyond midnight.

  

③ 超出(范围、限度);处于……之外

  

Thetask is beyond my strength.

  

Thebook is beyond me.

  

5.between:

  

(两者)在……之间;在……(的)中间

  

Choose between the two.

  

A railway between the two cities; love between mother and child

  

  

6. beside:

  

在……的旁边

  

Grassgrow beside the fence.

  

Comeand sit beside me.

  

  

7. behind:

  

①表示位置“在……的后面”、“在……的背后”。

  

Heleft nothing behind him.

  

Walkclose behind me.

  

Tomcame out from behind the door.

  

②底于、次于、不如

  

behindother boys of his age;

  

bebehind the needs of the objective situation;

  

  

8. besides:

  

除……之外,还有……

  

I havea few friends besides you.

  

Therewere five others present at the meeting besides him.

  

  

9. concerning:

  

关于

  

Please inform me concerningthis matter.

  

  

10. down:

  

①向下

  

rundown the hill;

  

Herhair was hanging down her back.

  

②沿着

  

Godown this street and turn left.

  

Hewas walking down the road.

  

  

11. during:

  

在……期间

  

duringthat period; during therevolutionary war;

  

The sungives us the light during the day.

  

The boyplayed during the afternoon.

  

  

12. except:

  

①除……之外

  

Weall succeed except him.

  

Wego to school every day except Sunday.

  

②短语exceptfor 表示在整体肯定的基础上,在细节上加以修整。

  

Theroad was empty except for a few cars.

  

Yourcomposition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.

  

  

13. into:

  

①表示动向,“到……里”

  

lookinto the box; walk intothe room;

  

workfar into the night; throwa letter into fire

  

②成为、转入

  

makeflour into bread; putChinese into English;

  

cutsomething into two;

  

  

14. near:

  

(空间、时间、关系等) 近;在……近旁

  

Myhouse is near the river.

  

It isconvenient living so near the station.

  

  

15. onto:

  

动态介词,“到….上”。

  

Step ontothe stage;

  

He jumponto the horse.

  

  

16. past:

  

① (指时间) “过”。

  

Halfpast six;

  

Heis past fifty.

  

②(指空间、地点)“过”;(从旁)“经过”。

  

Hehurried past me without stopping to speak.

  

  

17. regarding:

  

关于

  

He spoke to me regarding hisfuture.

  

  

18. round:

  

①围绕、环绕

  

travelround the world;

  

Birdsfly round and round a lighthouse.

  

②在……的四周

  

sitround the fire;

  

Tiethe belt round your waist.

  

③在各处、向四周

  

havea look round the shop;

  

Letme show you round the castle.

  

  

19. through:

  

①通过、穿过

  

Thewater flows through the pipe.

  

Lightcomes in through the window.

  

②从头至尾、自始至终

  

Sheread through the magazine.

  

Hesat through the concert although she didn’t enjoy it.

  

③表示方法、手段,汉语多译为“以”、“通过”。

  

Reachan agreement though negotiation;

  

Itcould be accomplished only though patient work.

  

④遍及、历尽

  

travelthrough the country;

  

hehas come though many hardships.

  

  

20. throughout:

  

贯穿、遍及

  

throughoutthe nineteenth century;

  

Itrained throughout the night.

  

21. under:

  

①表示“在……下面”、“在……底下”。

  

Theysheltered under un umbrella.

  

Thepolice suspected that the man had something under his coat.

  

②表示“在……控制或管辖之下”。

  

Eachprovince was placed under a military governor.

  

Hehas been under the doctor for some weeks.

  

③表示“比……少” 或“少于”。

  

No one under twenty-one canbecome a member of the club.

  

You will not get a house of this type underfive thousand pounds.

  

④表示“在…… 进行中”。

  

The subject is underdiscussion.

  

The hospital is underconstruction.

  

  

22. until:

  

①直到……(为止)(指时间= tothe time of)

  

Waituntil five o’clock.

  

②直到……(为止)(指地点=as faras)

  

Gostraight on until a large red building.

  

  

23. up:

  

①向上、在上

  

go up a hill;

  

②向上游、向内地

  

sail up the river; travel upthe country

  

  

三.介词习语:

  

1. Accordingto:

  

①依照;根据

  

Thework has been carried out according to your instruction.

  

②依……而定

  

Takeone to three tablets, according to the severity of the pain.

  

Thecharge for the hotel accommodations is from eighteen to twenty-five pounds aweek, according to the class of hotel.

  

  

2. Alongwith:

  

由……陪同(in the company of);和……一起(together with)

  

Alongwith each outfit there is a book ofinstruction.

  

Thepainting was bought, along with other pictures, by a wealthyAmerican collector.

  

  

3. Apartfrom:

  

除……以外;除了

  

Apartfrom a few pounds a year interest onGovernment stock, I have no private income.

  

Hehas no interests, apart from his work.

  

  

4. Dueto:

  

由于;归功于

  

Theaccident was due to the carelessness of the signalman.

  

Apower failure, due to a fault in the cable, plunged the whole towninto darkness.

  

  

5. Inaddition to:

  

除……之外;又;加之

  

Onthe first day over three hundred people visited the exhibition,inaddition to those who were present at the opening ceremony.

  

  

6. Inbetween:

  

inbetween 和between大致相同,不过inbetween 有“反复”或“再现”的意思。在get 后面往往用inbetween.

  

Thereare flowers in between the trees.

  

  

7. Inspite of:

  

尽管

  

Wehad quite an enjoyable holiday, in spite of the bad weather.

  

  

8. Insteadof:

  

“取代、代替”,但译成汉语时说“而不是”通常更为通顺。

  

Thevegetarians present were given cheese dishes instead of meat.

  

Wefound ourselves in Birkenhead instead of Liverpool.

  

  

9. Onaccount of:

  

由于、因为

  

Trainsfrom Newcastle may be up to twenty minutes late, on account ofrepairs to the track.

  

Onaccount of weather, we had to cancel the projectedouting.

  

  

13. outof:

  

①表示“从里面到外面”。

  

Shetook a box of chocolates out of her bag.

  

Astranger came out of the door.

  

②表示从表面或某种物体中突出或伸出。

  

Anail was sticking out of the wall.

  

③表示“超出”。

  

Out ofsight; out ofreach; out of control

  

out of all reason; out of memory

  

④表示“没有”或“不再有”。

  

Out ofa job; out of work; out of office

  

  

14. togetherwith:

  

由……随同; 陪同

  

TheMayor and the Mayoress were present, together with the TownClerk.

  

Iam sending you the letter I have received from the County Council,togetherwith a copy of my reply.

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