1. presentiment
n.预感，预觉
a feeling that something, especially something unpleasant , is going to happen ; a premonition
参考例句：
1. He had a presentiment of disaster. 他预感会有灾难降临。
2. I have a presentiment that something bad will happen. 我有某种不祥事要发生的预感。
2. photosphere 'ftsf
n.光球
the intensely luminous surface of a star (especially the sun)
参考例句：
1. The photosphere has a granular structure. 光球还有颗粒结构。
2. The chromosphere is a frothy layer churned up by gases in the photosphere. 色球层在光球层气体的搅拌下是个多泡层。
3. indigence 'nddns
n.贫穷
a state of extreme poverty or destitution;
参考例句：
1. His present indigence is a sufficient punishment for former folly. 他现在所受的困苦足够惩罚他从前的胡作非为了。
2. North Korea's indigence is almost as scary as its belligerence. 朝鲜的贫乏几乎和其好战一样可怕。
4. fulcrum
n.杠杆支点
the point at which a bar , or something that is balancing , is supported or balances
参考例句：
1. Give me a fulcrum on which to rest, and I will move the earth. 给我一个支承的支点，我就会搬动地球。
2. The decision is the strategic fulcrum of the budget. 这一决定是预算案的战略支点。
5. hoyden 'hdn
n.野丫头，淘气姑娘
a girl who behaves in a boyish manner
参考例句：
1. Don't put out your tongue at me, you cheeky hoyden! 不要向我伸舌头，你这个没规矩的野丫头！
2. It was rather imprudent of the hoyden to interrupt our conversation like that. 这丫头，打断我们的谈话，没轻没重的。
6. sycophantic
adj.阿谀奉承的
(of a person or of
behaviour ) praising people in authority in a way that is not sincere , usually in order to get some advantage from them参考例句：
1. Qinhui was a notorious sycophantic official in the Song dynasty, and was spurned by later generations. 秦桧是宋代著名的佞臣，受尽后人的唾骂。
2. We heard the sound of sycophantic laughter. 我们听到了谄媚的笑声。
7. adventitious
adj.偶然的
not expected or planned
参考例句：
1. The strike was broken, of course, but mainly by a series of adventitious developments. 罢工是中断了，但主要还是由于发生了一系列意外事件。
2. His knowledge of this particular bishop was somewhat adventitious. 他对主教当中这一位的了解，似乎多少事出偶然。
8. rhinestone
n.水晶石，莱茵石
a bright colourless artificial jewel which looks like a diamond and can be sewn onto clothes
参考例句：
1. She often wears that cheap showy rhinestone bracelet. 她经常戴那个廉价艳丽的水晶手镯。
2. Some of the children started to laugh when she found a rhinestone bracelet with some of the stones missing, 当她发现一个缺了几颗人造钻石的手镯时，有些孩子鄙笑起来。
9. denotation
n.（明示的）意义；指示
the act of indicating or pointing out by name
参考例句：
1. A good dictionary will give us the connotation of a word as well as its denotation. 一本好字典不仅要告诉我们一个字的字面意义，同时还要告诉我们该字的言外之意。
2. The denotation of the word "home" is "place where one lives, " but it has many connotations. “家”这个词的直接意义是指“人居住的地方”，但是它还有许多涵义。
10. divan
n.长沙发；（波斯或其他东方诗人的）诗集
a sofa with no back or arms
参考例句：
1. Lord Henry stretched himself out on the divan and laughed. 亨利勋爵伸手摊脚地躺在沙发椅上，笑着。
2. She noticed that Muffat was sitting resignedly on a narrow divan-bed. 她看见莫法正垂头丧气地坐在一张不宽的坐床上。
11. potpourri
n.混合之事物；百花香
a mixture of dried petals and leaves from various flowers and plants that is used to give a room a pleasant smell
参考例句：
1. As tobacco cigarette burns, a potpourri of 4000 chemicals is released, including carbon monoxide and hydrocyanic acid. 当烟被点燃时，融合了四千种化学品的气体被释放出来，其中包括一氧化碳和氢氰酸。
2. Even so, there is a slight odour of potpourri emanating from Longfellow.纵然如此，也还是可以闻到来自朗费罗的一种轻微的杂烩的味道。
12. rusticate <'rstket>
vt. 使定居乡村；使乡气 vi. 去乡下；变得乡气
live in the country and lead a rustic life
参考例句：
1. He was once rusticated in Cambridge. 他在剑桥大学上学时曾一度被勒令停学。
2. You will be rusticated! 你们会被退学的!
13. pestilence
n.瘟疫
any very serious infectious disease that spreads quickly and kills large numbers of people
参考例句：
1. They were crazed by the famine and pestilence of that bitter winter. 他们因那年严冬的饥饿与瘟疫而折磨得发狂。
2. A pestilence was raging in that area. 瘟疫正在那一地区流行。
14. melee
n.混战；混战的人群
a large noisy uncontrolled crowd , in which people are moving in different directions and sometimes fighting with each other
参考例句：
1. There was a scuffle and I lost my hat in the melee. 因发生一场斗殴，我的帽子也在混乱中丢失了。
2. In the melee that followed they trampled their mother a couple of times.他们打在一团，七手八脚的又踩了他们的母亲几下。
15. retool
vt. 重组；重新装备 vi. 更换工具；重新装备；更换机械设备
revise or reorganize, especially for the purpose of updating and improving;
参考例句：
1. Each time the product changes, the machines have to be retooled. 每次更换产品，就得重新装备机器。
2. In the computer industry, engineers have to retool frequently. 在电脑业中，工程师必须经常以新知识充实装备自己。
16. laity
n.俗人；门外汉
everyone except the clergy
参考例句：
1. The Church and the laity were increasingly active in charity work. 教会与俗众越来越积极参与慈善工作。
2. Clergy and laity alike are divided in their views. 神职人员和信众同样都观点各异。
17. briny
adj.盐水的；很咸的；n.海洋
describes water that contains a lot of salt
参考例句：
1. The briny water is not good for the growth of the trees. 海水不利于这种树木的生长。
2. The briny air gave a foretaste of the nearby sea. 咸空气是快近海的前兆。
18. allegro
adj. 快速而活泼的；n.快板；adv.活泼地
a piece of classical music that is played in a fast and energetic way
参考例句：
1. The first movement is a conventional symphonic Allegro. 第一乐章是传统的交响乐快板。
2. My life in university is like allegro. 我的生活在大学中像急速的乐章。
19. scuff
vt. 使磨损；践踏；拖着脚走 vi. 磨损；拖着脚走 n. 拖着脚走；磨损之处
to make a rough mark on a smooth surface , especially on a shoe or floor
参考例句：
1. Polly, bewildered and embarrassed, dropped her head and scuffed her feet.波莉既困惑又尴尬，低下头拖着脚走开了。
2. Constant wheelchair use will scuff almost any floor surface. 任何地板上经常有轮椅走动几乎都会有所磨损。
20. arabesque
n.阿拉伯式花饰；adj.阿拉伯式图案的
a position in ballet dancing in which the dancer stands on one leg with the other leg held out straight behind
参考例句：
1. I like carpets with arabesque patterns. 我喜欢带有阿拉伯式花饰的地毯。
2. The Arabesque solution is the answer to a designer's desire for uniqueness. 阿拉伯风为设计师渴望独一无二给出了答案。
