shares investment,share什么意思

  

  导读:   

  

  这篇文章选自2019年3月2日《经济学人》业务栏目,原文标题是巴菲特学:奥马哈先知四十年的通信揭示了什么。作者分析了巴菲特40余年来公开发表的致股东信所揭示的伯克希尔-哈撒韦公司近年来的投资新动向。   

  

  阅读文章之前,先介绍几个关于投资领域的常见英语词汇:   

  

  帐面价值账面价值。指按照会计核算的原理和方法反映计量的企业价值,是企业资产负债表上体现的企业全部资产(扣除折旧、损耗和摊销)与企业全部负债之间的差额。   

  

  金融危机金融危机   

  

  会计准则会计准则   

  

  获得收购   

  

  文件夹投资组合   

  

  每股收益每股盈利   

  

  资产负债表资产负债表   

  

     

  

  外刊原文   

  

  巴菲特认为,这些数字部分反映了奥凯(晦涩难懂的)与他的各种投资不相适应的会计准则。会计准则的变化迫使他通过收益对其1730亿美元股票投资组合的价值进行市值波动,导致2018年亏损206亿美元。相比之下,巴菲特直接拥有的公司(在他的投资组合中所占比例越来越大)的账面价值"远低于"其当前价值,因此很难通过账面价值的年度变化来评估伯克希尔的表现。巴菲特抱怨道抱怨)关于这些动态的很多。参考美国公认会计原则(通用会计准则)的人数激增。   

  

  不过,在其他方面,巴菲特保持了一致。他的哲学一直是寻找廉价公司。他认为具有良好长期前景的公司股票目前过于昂贵。相反,伯克希尔将在2019年专注于回购自己的股票以及投资流动性股票。提及"回购(回购)"正在上升,但"收购"今年只出现了三次。   

  

  从历史上看,巴菲特一直不愿意(不愿意的)去借巨额的钱,认为"理性的人不会为了自己没有也不需要的东西去拿自己拥有和需要的东西去冒险"。他在2013年破例投资了卡夫亨氏。这是巴菲特最大的错误之一。卡夫亨氏的股价已经暴跌(暴跌).伯克希尔的资产负债表因此遭受了近30亿美元的打击。今年的信中提到了"债务"。   

  

  伯克希尔的投资者面临的最大问题是谁可能会接替布法罗先生   

fett, now 88, as leader of the company. His partner, Charlie Munger, turned 95 in January.The two most obvious candidates are Ajit Jain, who is 67, and Greg Abel, 56. They were both appointed to Berkshire’s board last year and got 3 mentions each in Mr Buffett’s letter this year. Mr Buffett claims Berkshire’s blood flows in their veins. In years to come their letters might prove this to be the case―if so, Berkshire’s investors are likely to be happy. Especially if they skip the jokes.

  

精读讲解

  

Mr Buffett contends these figures partly reflect arcane(晦涩难懂的)accounting standardswhich do not cope well with his varied investments. A change in accounting principles forces him to put mark-to-market swings in the value of his $173 bn equity portfolio through his earnings, resulting in a $20.6 bn loss in 2018.

  

翻译:巴菲特声称,这些数字在一定程度上反映了晦涩的会计准则,这些准则无法很好地应对他的各种投资。会计准则的改变,迫使他通过盈利,使其1730亿美元的股票投资组合的价值出现按市值计价的波动,导致2018年亏损206亿美元。

  

contend /kn'tnd/ vi. 竞争;奋斗;斗争;争论 vt. 主张;为...斗争

  

reflect /r'flkt/ vt. 反映;反射,照出;表达;显示;反省 vi. 反射,映现;深思

  

短语 reflect on 仔细考虑,思考;反省;回想,回顾;怀疑

  

例句:①Silence gives us a chance to reflect on what we have said and heard. 安静让我们有机会反省我们所说所闻。

  

②I'm going to read it to you just so you can reflect on it.我先给你们读一遍,你们回忆下。

  

arcane /r'ken/ adj. 神秘的;晦涩难解的;秘传的

  

例句:The technique at one time was arcane in the minds of most chemists.这种技术在大多数化学家心目中一度是神秘的。

  

cope with = deal with处理,应付

  

例句:I have nothing particular to cope with.我没有特殊的事情要处理。

  

accounting standards 会计准则;会计标准

  

accounting principles 会计原理

  

force sb to do 强迫某人做

  

mark-to-market swings 按市值计价的波动

  

By contrast, the book values of companies Mr Buffett owns outright, an increasing share of his portfolio, are carried at “far below” their current value, making it tough to assess Berkshire’s performance by its annual change in book value. Mr Buffetthas moanedabout these dynamics a lot. References to America’s Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (gaap) have soared.

  

翻译:相比之下,巴菲特直接持有的公司的账面价值(在其投资组合中所占的比例越来越大)“远低于”其当前价值,因此很难通过账面价值的年度变化来评估伯克希尔的业绩。巴菲特曾多次抱怨这些动态。(在他的信中)对美国公认会计准则(gaap)的引用已经飙升。

  

【长难句分析】

  

By contrast, the book values of companies Mr Buffett owns outright, an increasing share of his portfolio, are carried at “far below” their current value, making it tough to assess Berkshire’s performance by its annual change in book value.

  

这句话由于涉及到较多的会计术语,较难理解。上文中说到伯克希尔哈撒韦公司在去年表现惨淡,但巴菲特将这归咎于新的美国通用会计准则。这句话将巴菲特直接持股的公司与伯克希尔哈撒韦的投资组合进行对比,揭示了两点:其一,巴菲特直接持股的公司的实际价值远远高于其账面价值,即这些公司都是被低估的优质公司;其二,巴菲特直接持股的公司所占的投资比重越来越大。这也从侧面论证了巴菲特投资收益情况仍然保持在较高的水准上。

  

by contrast 相比之下;与之相比

  

outright /'atrat/ adj. 完全的,彻底的;直率的; adv. 完全的,彻底的;直率的;

  

这个句子的主干是 the book values of companies are carried at “far below” their current value. 这些公司的账面价值远远低于其当前价值。注意这里的动词carry是“to have sth as a quality or feature 具有(某品质或特点)”的意思,value前面的介词要用“at”,例如:exchange at equal value“等价交换” 。后面Mr Buffett owns outright修饰先行词companies, an increasing share of his portfolio是同位语修饰前面的companies。making it tough to assess Berkshire’s performance by its annual change in book value.动词ing结构作状语,表示结果。

  

复习:这个句子中出现了我们上期学到的固定搭配:make it(adj.) for sb to do sth。

  

Mr Buffett has moaned about these dynamics a lot. References to America’s Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (gaap) have soared.

  

moan /mon/ n. 呻吟声;悲叹 vt. 抱怨;呻吟着说

  

dynamic /da'nmk/ adj. 动态的;动力的;动力学的;有活力的 n. 动态;动力

  

reference /'rfrns/ n. 参考,参照;涉及,提及

  

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 通用会计准则

  

soar /sr/ v.翱翔 高飞 猛增 soar这个单词与rise是近义词,都有“上升”的意思,但用soar就更为形象。例如:Inflation has soared from 4% to 12% recently. 最近通货膨胀率从4%猛增到12%。

  

In other ways, though, Mr Buffett remains consistent. His philosophy has always been to look for cheap companies. He reckons that shares in firms with decent long-termprospects are too pricey at the moment. Instead, Berkshire will focus on buying back its own shares as well as investing in liquid stocks in 2019. Mentions of “repurchases” areon the rise but “acquisition” shows up just three times this year.

  

翻译:不过,在其他方面,巴菲特保持了一贯的作风。他的哲学一直是寻找便宜的公司。他认为那些长期前景看好的公司的股票现在太贵了。相反,伯克希尔哈撒韦在2019年将专注于回购自己的股票,并投资于流动性较强的股票。(书信中)提到“回购”的次数越来越多,但“收购”在今年只出现了三次。

  

consistent /kn'sstnt/ adj. 始终如一的,一致的;坚持的

  

reckon /'rkn/ v.计算 认为 估算

  

decent /'disnt/ adj. 正派的;得体的;相当好的

  

prospect /'prspkt/ n. 前途;预期

  

pricey /'prasi/ adj. 高价的,过分昂贵的

  

at the moment 此时,此刻

  

buy back 回购,购回;产品返销

  

liquid stocks 流动性较强的股票,liquid在这里作形容词,“流动的”。

  

on the rise 在增加;在上涨

  

Historically, Mr Buffett has been loth to borrow vast sums of money, arguing that “rational people don’t risk what they have and need for what they don’t have and don’t need”. He made an exception in 2013, when he invested in Kraft Heinz.This was one of Mr Buffett’s biggest mistakes. Shares in Kraft Heinz have plummeted. Berkshire hastaken a hit of nearly $3 bn to its balance-sheet as a consequence. Mentions of“debt”spiked in this year’s letter.

  

翻译:从历史上看,巴菲特一直不愿借入巨额资金,他辩称,“理性的人不会拿他们拥有和需要的东西去冒险,去买他们没有和不需要的东西”。2013年,他破例投资了卡夫亨氏(Kraft Heinz)。这是巴菲特最大的错误之一。卡夫亨氏的股价暴跌。伯克希尔的资产负债表因此遭受了近30亿美元的损失。今年的信中提到“债务”的次数激增。

  

loth /luθ/ adj. 憎恶的;勉强的;不愿意的

  

vast sums of 大量的

  

rational /'rnl/ adj. 合理的;理性的

  

plummet /'plmt/ vi. 垂直落下;(价格、水平等)骤然下跌

  

take a hit 遭受打击;受到冲击

  

例句:If the euro fails, Germany's financial sector would also take a hit and further damage the economy.

  

如果欧元解体,对德国的金融业也是一个打击,并会进一步损害德国经济。

  

balance-sheet 资产负债表

  

as a consequence = as a result = in consequence 因此,结果

  

spike /spak/ 作名词有“长钉,细高跟”的意思,这里作为动词,是“激增的”意思,相当于前文中的“soar”。

  

The biggest question facing investors in Berkshire is who might replace Mr Buffett, now 88, as leader of the company. His partner, Charlie Munger, turned 95 in January. The two most obvious candidates are Ajit Jain,who is 67, and Greg Abel, 56. They were bothappointed to Berkshire’s board last year and got 3 mentions each in Mr Buffett’s letter this year. Mr Buffett claims Berkshire’s blood flows in their veins. In years to come their letters might prove this to be the case―if so, Berkshire’s investorsare likely to be happy. Especially if they skip the jokes.

  

翻译:伯克希尔的投资者面临的最大问题是,谁可能接替现年88岁的巴菲特,成为公司的领袖。他的搭档查理芒格(Charlie Munger)今年1月就95岁了。两个最明显的候选人是67岁的阿吉特杰恩(Ajit Jain)和56岁的格雷格阿贝尔(Greg Abel)。两人去年都被任命为伯克希尔董事会的成员,今年在巴菲特的信中,两人各被提及了3次。巴菲特声称,伯克希尔的血液在他们的血管中流动。未来几年,他们的信件可能会证明这一点――如果是这样的话,伯克希尔的投资者可能会感到高兴。尤其是如果他们不讲笑话。

  

obvious /'bvs/ adj. 明显的;显著的

  

candidate /'knddet / n. 候选人,候补者;应试者

  

appoint to 委任;指派

  

board 董事会

  

vein /ven/ n. 血管;叶脉

  

skip /skp/ v. 跳过;遗漏

  

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