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嘿，我是哈达尔，今天我要讲的是美式英语中的一个微妙的过渡-单词黄油，更大和女儿中的襟翼T和r .我要讲两个音——拍子T和r --以及如何轻松准确地把它们放在一起。
你们好，我是哈达尔，今天我要讲讲美式英语中一个有些困难的词音转换――襟翼T和r，比如在单词"黄油"、"更好"和"女儿"中的发音。我将谈谈这两种音――襟翼T和R―以及如何轻松准确地将它们组合在一起。
所以让我们开始吧。先说什么是襟翼T .
那我们就开始吧。我们先来看看到底什么是襟翼t。
当T出现在非重读音节的两个元音之间时，它是T的独特发音。举个例子，如果我们用"注意"这个词。
襟翼T是一种T的独特发音，即当它出现在非重读音节的两个元音之间时的发音。比如，看看'注意'这个词。
如果我用真正的T来发音-人们通常是怎么看待T的。它听起来像'通知'，我把舌尖抬起来，然后发T的音注意到了.
如果以正常的T的音来读，即T的通常发音。就会是这样的声音："通知",即我会翘起舌头，发出T的音。
但在这种情况下，当T在两个元音之间，音节不重读，这不是单词的主要重音，那么T就变成了D - 'noDice ' .你可能会说这听起来像一个d，但请注意，这不是一个真正的d，因为我不说诺迪斯.
但当T出现在两个非重读元音之间时，即T并不是重读音节之时，它就会转化成D的发音――诺迪斯。你可能会说这听起来就像是D的音，但要注意，并不是真的要读成d，不会说成诺迪斯。
这是。比如说，一个非常非常轻的d音，舌头会接触上腭，而不是阻挡空气和释放，它会给上腭一个击掌。
应该是一个非常非常轻的D的发音。即舌头碰到上颚，但并没有阻隔空气的流通，而是像'击掌'一样简单地碰一下。
你保持这个声音，这就是为什么它听起来像d，但它不是d，而是达.
还是在持续发声――这就是听起来像D的原因，但实际上又不是D的发音。而是达。
对于那些耳朵尖的人来说，你们会注意到它实际上听起来更像西班牙语中的软r，就像单词嗅球外层一样。如果你看过我之前关于襟翼T的视频，你就会知道我用过这个例子，我认为这样理解它很容易。
>你们如果有人耳朵很灵敏，就会注意到它实际上听起来更像是西班牙语中的 R，就像单词‘pero’中的读音一样。如果你看过我之前有关 Flap T 的视屏，就会知道我举过这个例子，而且我认为这样很好理解。
Listen: 'pero', 'nods'. Right? So it's the same sound actually.
听一下：‘pero’，‘notice’。对吧？所以实际上它们的读音是一样的。
If you don't have the sound in your language, then don't worry about it. Just try to make it a very light D. Okay?
如果你的母语中没有这个发音，也别担心。就试着发很轻的 D 的音就行，好吧？
So that's the Flap T. Again, 'nods', 'actividi' and bdi'.
所以这就是 Flap T。再读一次：‘notice’、‘activity’、‘Betty’。
Now, the Flap T appears very often before an R, especially at the end of words. Like in 'water' and 'greater'.
还有就是，Flap T 后面常常会跟着一个 R，特别是在单词的结尾部分。就像‘water’和‘greater’。
Now, here what we want to do is instead of bringing the tongue down after the Flap T, you want to pull it in immediately for the American R. For the American R, the tongue pulls back and the sides of the tongue touch the sides of the upper teeth.
这时，我们要做的就是在发出了 Flap T 的音后，放下舌头，立即卷起成美国的 R 音状态。发 R 的音时，舌头是要向后卷的，且舌头的两侧要碰到上齿的两边。
Now, if this is the first time that you're learning about the American R, then maybe you don't need to work in this transition first, cuz it's going to be a little more challenging.What I recommend is for you to go and master the American R first and you can watch my video about how to pronounce the R.
如果这是你第一次学怎么念美式的 R 音，那么可能你最好就不要先学这个词音转换的课程了，因为这对你来说会有些困难。我推荐你先去掌握美式 R 的发音，可以去看看我关于 R 发音的课程视频。
And then come back here and work on this transition.Otherwise, it's going to be a little too confusing, okay?
然后再回来学这节课。否则你会觉得有些混乱的，好吧？
So. . . but if you'd know how to pronounce the R or at least you're working towards it, then this lesson is definitely for you.So, from the Flap T - 'whadda' - you pull the tongue in rather quickly until the sides of the tongue touch the sides of the teeth.
但如果你知道怎么发 R 的音，或者至少你正在学，那么这节课绝对就是为你而准备的。所以，接着 Flap T 的音――‘whadda’――之后，就把舌头迅速地卷起来，知道它碰到你的上齿。
Your tongue can be up, can be down. I mean I recommend for you to keep it up, because it's going to be easier.
你的舌头可以先翘起来，上下弹动。但我建议你就保持它向上翘的状态，因为这样会容易一些。
But remember that what really matters when it comes to the R is what the sides of the tongue do, okay? It's how they push against the teeth and the curve that you have in your tongue in the back part of your tongue, okay?
但要记着，要发 R 的音，真正重要的是舌头两侧所放的位置，知道吗？即它要如何推抵牙齿，与舌头后部构成一条曲线。
So, remember that there is no vowel between the Flap T and the R. "D'r" - it's not 'dare'.
所以，要记住在 Flap T 和 R 之间是没有元音的。是‘d'r’，而不是“dare”。
There is no '' sound even though you see the letter E - it's not an act. It's a schwa, right? And the schwa is a reduced vowel and the R actually takes over the schwa sound.
即使有字母 E，也没有‘’的音――它是不发音的。这是个非中央元音，对吧？非中央元音就是弱化元音，R 实际上就代替了这个弱化元音的音。
So basically it's just a Flap T and the R. Now let's practice the transition a bit more.
所以基本上就只有 Flap T 和 R 的音。接下来我们再多练一下词音转换。
Remember that when you want to master the transition in words, phrases, sentences and free speech, you have to train your tongue to do just the transition smoothly and effortlessly. So you want to find yourself doing this. . . about 30 to 40 times a day until you master it.
记住，当你想要掌握单词、短语、句子和言谈中的词音转化时，你就得训练自己的舌头，以让词音转换更加平滑、不费力。所以你得每天练个30到40词，直到掌握为止。
And if it's hard for you to make the Flap T, and then the transition to the R, then start with a D. Train your tongue to go through this transition without adding a vowel in between.
如果对你来说先发 Flap T 的音又接着发 R 的音很困难的话，就先从 D 的音开始练习。训练你的舌头在这个词音转换过程中能不加入元音。
So you can start with a D. When it's rather easy, you can start making the D a little lighter.
所以就从 D 的音开始练。当这对你来说变得简单些了之后，就把 D 的音发轻一些。
And then start making it like the Flap T. Does that make sense?
然后就能开始练习 Flap T 的读音了。听得懂我的意思吗？
I hope it does! Let's put it in words: 'daughter'.
我希望我说得足够明白了！我们在具体的单词中来看看：‘daughter’。
You'll notice that once you do this transition over and over again, then in the words, it's like easy peasy. Make sure that the first vowel, the vowel before is longer, okay?
你会注意到一旦你把这种转换练得滚瓜烂熟，那么在单词中，对你来说就是小菜一碟了。要确保第一个元音，即前面的一个元音发音要长一些，知道吗？
So you give yourself time to kind of prepare for this transition: "daughter", "water", "better", "butter", "greater", "smarter". I tricked you here. Try it again.
所以你得自己先练练这种转换：“daughter”、“water”、“better”、“butter”、“greater”、“smarter”。我在这儿小小的刁难了你一下，再试试。
Why was that difficult? "Smarter", right? It was a little different than the previous ones because of the R.
为什么这个会比较难呢？“smarter”，对吧？它和之前的几个词有点不同，因为其中的 R。
There was another R, right? So you need to hear transition from the R to the Flap TR.
还有另一个 R，对吧？所以你得从一个 R 的音过渡到 Flap TR。
But you can do it, you can do it. Don't worry. So, first of all, remind yourself the transition.
但你是可以做到的，别担心。所以，首先，你自己得记住有这个转化。
And then say the first part of the word. Now if it's hard for you to do the Flap T that really light tap after an R, it's okay if it sounds like a D, okay?
然后说这个词的第一部分。如果你很难在 R 后发出一个很轻的 Flap T 的音，就说成和 D 差不多的音也应，好吧？
By the way, the Flap T appears between two vowels in unstressed syllables, but also between an R and a vowel in unstressed syllables. This is why it's still a Flap T.
顺便说一下，Flap T 出现在非重读音节的两个元音之间，也出现在非重读的 R 和一个元音之间。所以这儿也是个 Flap T。
Technically this is an R vowel. So this is why it's still valid - the rule.
严格来说，这是一个 R 元音。所以这么说也是没问题的――这就是一种规则。
So, "smar-d'r", right? It's okay if it sounds closer to a D.
所以就念“smar-d'r”，对吧？如果发音和 D 很接近，也是没问题的。
But we're working on the transition between the T and the R, okay? Good. Now practice this with me.
但我们注重的是 T 和 R 之间的过度转化，好吗？很不错。现在，和我一起来做个练习。
Let's start. Betty bought a bit of butter.
我们开始吧。Betty 买了一点黄油。
But she said this butter's bitter. If I put it in my batter. . .
但她说这块黄油要苦一些。如果我把它加入我的面糊之中……
It will make my batter bitter. So she bought some better butter.
就会让我的面糊变得更苦了。所以她买了一些更好的黄油。
Better than her bitter butter. And she put it in her batter.
比她那苦一些的黄油要更好一点。然后她把它加入了她的面糊之中。
And it made her batter better! A lot of Flap T's and R's here, so good for you! You can do it over and over again.
就使她的面糊更好一些了。这其中有很多 Flap T 和 R，你做的很棒！你可以多练几遍。
This was an excellent practice for you to master this Flap T and R transition. Now if you want to download a practice sheet with words with R and then sentences with R with my audio in it.
这对帮助你掌握 Flap T 和 R 是个很棒的练习。如果你想下载一些附有我的音频的带 R 的单词和句子的练习表的话。
Then coming over to my website, click the link below and grab it. It's totally free. And what I want you to do is to practice it many many times until you make it your own, because remember: practice makes better.
就可以上我的网站看看，点击下面的链接，并把资源提取出来。完全是免费的。我想让你们做的就是不断地练习，直到你们把它变成自己的知识，因为要记住：熟能生巧。
Why better? Because perfect is overrated!
为什么是‘better’呢？因为‘perfect’太过了！
Anyway, once you grab this practice sheet, I want you to practice it quite a few times and then you will see how it's easier for you to pronounce this transition and words that you weren't able to pronounce before. How it's easier for you to pronounce them smoothly and accurately, okay?
无论如何，一旦你提取了这个练习表，我就希望你能多练习几次，然后你们就会发现这个词音转化和之前你所发不出来的音变得更容易了。你们会发现流畅、准确地发出这些音是多么的简单。
And once it happens, I want to hear all about it in the comments below this video. So have a wonderful week! I will see you next week in the next video.
如果你做到了，我希望能在这个视频下面的评论中看到你们的好消息。周末愉快！下周的视频再见咯。
Bye.
拜。
